زراعت و فناوری زعفران

با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

اخبار و اعلانات

فرم های نشریه

راهنمای نویسندگان

تأثیر پرایمینگ بنه با اسید سالیسیلیک و وزن بنه مادری بر گلدهی و خصوصیات کیفی کلاله زعفران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، تهران

3 استادیار گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

چکیده

اسید سالیسیلیک یکی از هورمون های گیاهی است که نقش محوری در تنظیم رشد و فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان ایفا می‌کند. به منظور مطالعه تأثیر هورمون اسید سالیسیلیک و وزن بنه مادری بر گل دهی زعفران، آزمایشی در سال 96- 95 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی زعفران پردیس ابوریحان دانشگاه تهران انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل پیش تیمار بنه با هورمون اسید سالیسیلیک (شاهد و کاربرد با غلظت 1 و 2 میلی مولار) و وزن بنه مادری شامل بنه‌های ریز با وزن (3 تا 5 گرم) و بنه های درشت با وزن (5 تا 8 گرم) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر وزن بنه مادری بر صفات عملکردی شامل وزن تر گل، طول گل، وزن تر کلاله، وزن تر مادگی، طول کلاله، طول مادگی و بر صفات کیفی کلاله شامل میزان کروسین، پیکروکروسین و سافرانال معنی دار بود. مقدار این صفات در شرایط استفاده از بنه های مادری درشت نسبت به بنه ریز بیشتر بود. اثر وزن بنه مادری بر صفت وزن خشک کلاله در این پژوهش معنی دار نبود. هرچند اثر متقابل اسید سالیسیلیک و وزن بنه مادری بر صفات مورد بررسی معنی دار نبود، اما نتایج مقایسه میانگین ها نشان داد تیمار پرایمینگ بنه با غلظت 2 میلی مولار اسید سالیسیلیک بیشترین وزن تر گل (99.5 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، وزن خشک کلاله (1.45 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین زمان تا سبز شدن (47 روز پس از کاشت) را منجر شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان ماده مؤثره پیکروکروسین، مربوط به تیمار پرایمینگ بنه با غلظت 1 میلی مولار اسید سالیسیلیک بود. میزان کروسین در تیمار پرایمینگ بنه با غلظت 2 میلی مولار اسید سالیسیلیک و میزان سافرانال در سطح 1 میلی مولار بیشتر بود. به طور کلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که کاشت بنه های مادری درشت همراه با کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک باعث بهبود برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی کلاله زعفران گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of corm priming with salicylic acid and mother corm weight on flowering and qualitative characteristics of saffron stigma

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shirin Ansaryan Mahabadi 1
  • Iraj Allah dadi 2
  • Majid Ghorbani Javid 3
  • Elias Soltani 3

1 MSc Student in Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Crop Sciences and Plant Breeding, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

Salicylic acid as a plant hormone plays an important role in regulating growth and physiological processes in plant. In order to study the effects of salicylic acid hormone and mother corm weight on saffron flowering properties, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the saffron research field of College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran during 2016-2017. The first factor consist of salicylic acid in three levels (Normal, priming with 1 and 2 mM concentrations (and second factor was weight of corm in two level that consist of small corm (3-5 gr) and large corm (8-10 gr). The results showed that the effect of corm weight on fresh weight of flower, Length of flower, fresh weight of stigma, length of stigma, fresh weight of pistil, length of pistil and qualitative characteristics of stigma were significant. The amount of these traits was higher in terms of the use of large mother’s corms. The effect of corm weight on dry weight of stigma was not significant. Interaction between salicylic acid and corm weight on all traits was not significant but the results of mean comparisons showed that the highest amount of fresh weight of flower (99.5 kg/ha), dry weight of stigma (1.45 kg/ha) and lowest days to emergence was 47 days after planting that related to salicylic acid in 2 mM. More amount of picrocrocin as a saffron flavor was related to salicylic acid in 1 mM. Crocin percentage in the priming treatment with 2 mM salicylic acid was higher than the other two levels; amount of safranal was high at 1mM. Totally, results of this experiment indicated that planting large mother’s corms with salicylic acid led to improvement of some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of saffron stigma.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corm
  • Crocin
  • Flowering
  • Picrocrocin
  • Plant hormone
  • Safranal
مراجع
Abrishami, M.H. 2004. Knowing of Iranian Saffron. Amirkabir Press, Tehran. 260 p. (In Persian).
Amirshekari, H., Sorooshzadeh, A., Modaress Sanavy, A., and Jalali Javaran, M. 2007. Study of effects of root temperature, corm size, and gibberellin on underground organs of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Iranian Journal of Botany 19 (1): 5-18. (In Persian with English Summary).
Arberg, B. 1981. Plant growth regulators. Mono substituted benzoic acid. Agricaltural Research 11: 93-105.
Behnia, M.R. 1991. Saffron Agriculture. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Bhargava, V.K. 2011. Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of saffron (Crocous sativus L.). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3: 22-26.
Cavusoglu, A., Erkel, E.I., and Sulusogulu, M. 2008. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) studies with two mother corm dimensions on yield and harvest period under greenhouse conditions. The 1st international symposium on medicinal plants,15-16 October 2008, Jordan.
Creelman, R.A., and Mullet, J.E. 1997. Biosynthesis and action of jasmonates in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48: 355–381.
DeMastro, G., and Ruta, C. 1993. Relation between corm size and saffron (Crocus sativus L.) flowering. Acta Horticulturae 344: 512-517.
Dolatabadian, A., Modares Sanavi, S.A., and Etemadi, F. 1997. Effect of salicylic acid on Wheat Germination under salinity stress. Journal Iran Biology 21 (4): 692-702.
Drazic, G., Mihailovic, N., and Lojic, M. 2006. Cadmium accumulation in (Medicago sativa L.)seedlings treated with salicylic acid. Biology Plant 50 (2): 239-244.
Eberhard, S., Doubrava, N., Marta, V., Mohnen, D., and Southwick, A. 1989. Pectic cell wall fragments regulate tobacco thin cell layer explants morphogenesis. PlantCell 1: 747- 755.
El-Tayeb, M.A. 2005. Response of barley gains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation 45: 215-225.
El-Tayeb, M.A., EL-Enany, A.E., and Ahmed, N. 2006. Salicylic acid- induced adaptive response to copper stress in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant Growth Regulation 50: 191-199.
Eraslan, F., Inal, A., David, J., and Gunes, A. 2008. Interactive effects of salicylic acid and silicon on oxidative damage and antioxidant activity in spinach (Spina ciaoleracea L. cv. Matador) grown under boron toxicity and salinity. Plant Growth Regulation 55: 207-219.
Gharib, F.A.L. 2006. Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activites and oil content of basil and majoram. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 4: 485-492.
Ghasemi Rooshnavand, R., Hashemiyeh, M., and Afzalian, M. 2009. Planting, conservation and harvesting stages of saffron. Agriculture Organization of Yazd, Iran 132: 33-34. (In Persian with English Summary).
Ghobadi, F., Ghorbani Javid, M., and Sorooshzadeh, A. 2015. Evaluation of yield and growth characteristics of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)under effect of planting date and corm size in Varamin plain. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 32 (5): 857- 867. (In Persian).
Hayat, S., Fariduddin, Q., Ali, B., and Ahmad, A. 2005. Effect of salicylic acid on growth and enzyme activities of wheat seedlings. ActaAgronomy 53: 433-437.
INS (Iran National Standard). 2006. Research Institute of Standard and Industrial Research of Iran. 259-2: Saffron- test methods.
Jabbari, M., Khayyat, M., Fallahi, H.R., and Samadzadeh, A.R. 2017. Influence of saffron corm soaking in salicylic acid and potassium nitrate on vegetative and reproductive growth and its chlorophyll fluorescence indices. Saffron Agronomy and Technology 5 (1): 21-35.
Juana, J.A.D., Corcolesb, H.L., Munozb, R.M., and Picornella, M.R. 2009. Yield and yield components of saffron under different cropping systems. Industrial Crops and Products 30 (2): 212-219.
Kibinza, S., Vinel, D., Come, D., Bailly, C., and Corbineau, F. 2006. Sunflower seed deterioration as related to moisture content during ageing, energy metabolism and active oxygen species scavenging. Plant Physiology 128: 496-506.
Khare, C.P., 2004. Encyclopedia of Indian Medicinal Plants, Rational Western therapy. Ayurvedic and other traditional usage, Botany, New York: Springer Verlag-Berlin Heidelberg p 165-166.
Kumar, P., Dube, S.D., and Chauhan, V.S. 1999. Effect of salicylic acid on growth, development and some biochemical aspects of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill). Plant Physiology 4: 327-330.
Lee, T.T., and Skoog, F. 1965. Effect of substituted phenols on bud formation and growth of tobacco tissue culture. Physiology Plant 18: 386-402.
Majd, A., Maddah, S.M., Fallahian, F., Sabaghpour, S.H., and Chalabian, F. 2006. Comparative study of the effect of salicylic acid on yield, yield components and resistance of two susceptible and resistant chickpea cultivars to Ascochyta rabiei. Iranian Journal of Biology 19 (3): 314-324. (In Persian with English Summary).
Mansouri, M., Shoor, M., Tehranifar, A., and Selahvarzi, Y. 2015. Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and thiamine on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L. cv. Pink Elegance). Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture 6 (23): 15-24. (In Persian with English Summary).
Mardani, H., Bayat, H., and Azizi, M. 2010. Effect of foliar spray of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological properties cucumber seedling    (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Super Dominus) under drought stress conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science 25 (3): 320-326. (In Persian).
Moein, P., and Mortazaeinezhad, F. 2014. The survey of gibberellic acid, kinetin, salicylic acid, treatments on the reproductive traits of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). The 1st International Conference on New Idea in Agriculher. Islamic Azad University Khorasgan Brangh. 26-27 January, 2014, Isfahan, Iran. (In Persian).
Mohammad Abadi, A.A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Fallahi, J. 2011. Effects of planting pattern and the first irrigation date on growth and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Agroecology 3 (1): 84-93. (In Persian with English Summary).
Molina, R.V., Garcia-Luis, A., Cool, V., Ferrer, C., Valero, M., Navarro, Y., and Guardiola, J.L. 2004. Flower formation in the saffron Crocus (Crocus sativus L.). The role of temperature. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 650: 39-47.
Namin, M.H., Ebrahimzadeh, H., Ghareyazie, B., Radjabian, T., and Namin, H.H. 2010. Initiation and origin of stigma-like structures (SLS) on ovary and style explants of saffron in tissue culture. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica 52: 55-60.
Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., Boroumand Rezazadeh, Z., and Tabrizi, L. 2008. Effects of corm size and storage period on allocation of assimilate in different parts of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Iranian Field Crop Research 5 (1): 155-166. (In Persian with English Summary).
Omidi, H., Naghdi Badi, H.A., Golzad, A., Torabi, H., and Footou Kian, M.H. 2009. The effect of chemical and biofertilizer source of nitrogen on qualitative and quantitative yield of saffron. Journal of Medicinal Plants 8 (30): 98-109. (In Persian).
Pandey, D.P, andey, V.S., and Srivastava, A.P. 1974. A note on the effect of the size of corms on the sprouting and flowering of saffron. Progressive Horticulture 6: 89-92.
Rahimzadeh, S., Sohrabi, Y., Heidari, G., and Pirzad, A. 2008. Effect of biofertilizers application on some morphological characteristics and yield of Dragonhea (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Journal of Horticulture Science 25 (3): 335-343. (In Persian with English Summary).
Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K.V., and Vivekananda, M .2004 .Droughtinduced responses of photosynthesi and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Plant Physiology 161: 1189-1202.
Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Mohammad Abadi, A.A., Fallahi, J., and Aghhavani Shajari, M. 2011a. Response of saffron to planting distances and irrigation times. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Generation of New Values in 21th Century. 9-12 November 2011, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. p, 137.
Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Mohammad Abadi, A.A., and Fallahi, J. 2011b. Effect of corm density and first irrigation time on growth of saffron corms. National Congress of Medicinal Plants. March 2011, Jihad Daneshgahi Branch of Mazandaran, Iran. pp. 421. (In Persian).
SAS Institute. 1999. SAS/Stat User’s Guide, Version 9.1. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Senaratna, T., Teuchell, D., Bumm, E., and Dixon, K. 2002. Acetyl salicylic acid (asprin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant, Growth Regulation 30: 157-161.
Yonis, M.E., Abbas, M.A., and Shukry, W.M. 1993. Effect of salinity of growth and metabolism of Phaseolus vulgaris. Biologia Plantarum 35: 417-424.
 
زراعت و فناوری زعفران
دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 23
فروردین 1398
صفحه 41-53
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار