University of Torbat HeydariehSaffron Agronomy and Technology2383-15295120170321Effects of cover crops on weeds density, agronomic characteristics, flower and corm yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)Effects of cover crops on weeds density, agronomic characteristics, flower and corm yield of saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.)3193866610.22048/jsat.2016.38666FAMahsa Aghhavani ShajariPhd student of Ferdowsi University0009-0007-7870-5480Parviz Rezvani MoghaddamProfessor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad0000-0002-3827-3878Reza GhorbaniProfessor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of MashhadAlireza KoochekiProfessor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of MashhadJournal Article20160625This experiment was conducted in order to study the effect of cover crops on weeds population, flower and corm yield of saffron. The experiment was carried out based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at the Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2013-14. The treatments included six cover crops: barely (<em>Hordeum</em> <em>vulgare</em>), persian clover (<em>Trifolium</em> <em>resupinatum</em>), fenugreek (<em>Trigonella Foenum – Graecum</em> L.), grass pea (<em>Lathyrus sativus</em>), rapeseed (<em>Brassica napus</em>) and arugula (<em>Eruca sativa</em>) and control. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cover crops was significant on all of the studied properties. The maximum flower number (23.m<sup>-2</sup>), flower fresh weight (61.88 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) and stigma dry weight (0.990 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) were observed in the planting of rapeseed. The stigma dry weight at the control treatment was 41% more than planting a different kind of cover crops. Furthermore, the highest total weight of replacement corms and replacement corms weight without tunic per clone were obtained at the control and then planting of rapeseed as a cover crop. The number of replacement corms per clone among cover crop treatments was about 17% more than that of control. However, the lowest amount of all parameters of flower and corm of saffron were obtained for arugula, Fabaceae species and barely cover crop treatments. Meanwhile, the minimum amount of weed density was observed for barely, arugula, Fabaceae species cover crops treatments and control. Therefore, the results indicated that control and rapeseed as a cover crop treatments had better effects on the flower and corm parameters of saffron.This experiment was conducted in order to study the effect of cover crops on weeds population, flower and corm yield of saffron. The experiment was carried out based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at the Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2013-14. The treatments included six cover crops: barely (<em>Hordeum</em> <em>vulgare</em>), persian clover (<em>Trifolium</em> <em>resupinatum</em>), fenugreek (<em>Trigonella Foenum – Graecum</em> L.), grass pea (<em>Lathyrus sativus</em>), rapeseed (<em>Brassica napus</em>) and arugula (<em>Eruca sativa</em>) and control. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of cover crops was significant on all of the studied properties. The maximum flower number (23.m<sup>-2</sup>), flower fresh weight (61.88 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) and stigma dry weight (0.990 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) were observed in the planting of rapeseed. The stigma dry weight at the control treatment was 41% more than planting a different kind of cover crops. Furthermore, the highest total weight of replacement corms and replacement corms weight without tunic per clone were obtained at the control and then planting of rapeseed as a cover crop. The number of replacement corms per clone among cover crop treatments was about 17% more than that of control. However, the lowest amount of all parameters of flower and corm of saffron were obtained for arugula, Fabaceae species and barely cover crop treatments. Meanwhile, the minimum amount of weed density was observed for barely, arugula, Fabaceae species cover crops treatments and control. Therefore, the results indicated that control and rapeseed as a cover crop treatments had better effects on the flower and corm parameters of saffron.https://saffron.torbath.ac.ir/article_38666_27439935d8f4dee1373ae7dfae8422fe.pdfUniversity of Torbat HeydariehSaffron Agronomy and Technology2383-15295120170321Influence of saffron corm soaking in salicylic acid and potassium nitrate on vegetative and reproductive growth and its chlorophyll fluorescence indicesInfluence of saffron corm soaking in salicylic acid and potassium nitrate on vegetative and reproductive growth and its chlorophyll fluorescence indices21353889310.22048/jsat.2017.38893FAMani JabbariM.Sc. Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.Mehdi KhayyatAssistant Professor Department of Horticultural Science, Regional Institute of Special Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.Hamid-reza FallahiAssistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Regional Institute of Special Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.0000-0002-1083-2738Alireza SamadzadehDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.Journal Article20160605Saffron that is an important medicinal plant of Iran is influenced by several environmental stresses. Therefore, the consumption of appropriate hormonal and nutritional compounds can reduce the negative impacts of stresses on it and improve the growth and yield of the plant. For this purposes, an experiment was carried out based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications to study the effect of Salicylic acid (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) and Potassium Nitrate (0, 250,500 and 1000 ml.g<sup>-1</sup>), in the research field station of the College of Agriculture, the University of Birjand, Iran, in the growing season of 2015. The indices evaluated included flower and corolla fresh weight, stigma weight and length, leaf length, corm and cormel weights and diameter, chlorophyll florescence parameters and total chlorophyll content. The results showed that the highest amounts of Fv, Fv/Fm, F'v/F'm (117, 0.27 and 0.44, respectively), total chlorophyll (0.85 µg.g fresh weight), flower and corolla fresh weight (36.9 and 32.1 g.m<sup>-2</sup>, respectively), stigma weight (4.2 g.m<sup>-2</sup>) and length (29.6 mm) and leaf length (37.7 cm) were obtained at 2 mM level of salicylic acid, while the highest F'm was recorded at 0.5 mM salicylic acid. In addition, pretreatment with 1000 mg.l<sup>-1</sup> potassium nitrate increased the amounts of cormel weight and diameter by 30% and 19% compared with the control, respectively. Generally, the results of this experiment indicated an enhancement in saffron growth and yield, affected by corms soaking in salicylic acid and potassium nitrate.Saffron that is an important medicinal plant of Iran is influenced by several environmental stresses. Therefore, the consumption of appropriate hormonal and nutritional compounds can reduce the negative impacts of stresses on it and improve the growth and yield of the plant. For this purposes, an experiment was carried out based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications to study the effect of Salicylic acid (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) and Potassium Nitrate (0, 250,500 and 1000 ml.g<sup>-1</sup>), in the research field station of the College of Agriculture, the University of Birjand, Iran, in the growing season of 2015. The indices evaluated included flower and corolla fresh weight, stigma weight and length, leaf length, corm and cormel weights and diameter, chlorophyll florescence parameters and total chlorophyll content. The results showed that the highest amounts of Fv, Fv/Fm, F'v/F'm (117, 0.27 and 0.44, respectively), total chlorophyll (0.85 µg.g fresh weight), flower and corolla fresh weight (36.9 and 32.1 g.m<sup>-2</sup>, respectively), stigma weight (4.2 g.m<sup>-2</sup>) and length (29.6 mm) and leaf length (37.7 cm) were obtained at 2 mM level of salicylic acid, while the highest F'm was recorded at 0.5 mM salicylic acid. In addition, pretreatment with 1000 mg.l<sup>-1</sup> potassium nitrate increased the amounts of cormel weight and diameter by 30% and 19% compared with the control, respectively. Generally, the results of this experiment indicated an enhancement in saffron growth and yield, affected by corms soaking in salicylic acid and potassium nitrate.https://saffron.torbath.ac.ir/article_38893_85bbdd050edaa7764985f47761ce46d2.pdfUniversity of Torbat HeydariehSaffron Agronomy and Technology2383-15295120170321The Effect of Organic Fertilizers and Effective Microorganisms (EM)
on Replacement Corm Criteria of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)The Effect of Organic Fertilizers and Effective Microorganisms (EM)
on Replacement Corm Criteria of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.)37494134610.22048/jsat.2016.34377.1110FASaeideh MadahiM.Sc. Student of Agro Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of MashhadMahdi ParsaAssociate Professor Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of MashhadMorteza GoldaniProfessor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of MashhadMohammad KafiProfessor Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad0000000209331346Journal Article20150815An experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at a field located in the Rivash town in the Khorasan Razavi province during the growing season 2013-2014 in order to compare and evaluate the effects of chemical fertilizer (Containing 12% N from Urea and nitrate sources, 8% P, 4%K and also Zn, Cu, Mg, Fe, Chelates), vermiwash and different levels of manure and vermicompost fertilizer with the use of biological EM (effective microorganisms) on the characteristics of corm in Saffron. Treatments included: 1.fertilizer chemical (containing 12% nitrogen from urea and nitrate, %8-P, 4% potassium and chelates together iron, zinc, manganese and copper) 2.Manure 40 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 3.manure 40 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + EM, 4.manure 80 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 5.manure 80 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + EM, 6.vermicompost 10 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 7.vermicompost 10 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + EM, 8.vermicompost 15 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 9.vermicompost 15 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + EM 10.vermicompost 20 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> , 11.vermicompost 20 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + EM, 12.vermiwash, 13.vermiwash+ EM, 14.Manure 40 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>+ vermiwash, 15.Manure 40 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + vermiwash + EM, 16.Control (no fertilizer application). The results of analysis of variance showed a significant effect of treatments on all of the characteristics with the exception of the total number of saffron corms. The results indicated that the highest increase in total yield of corm (715 g.m<sup>-2</sup>), corm number more than 8 grams (57 corms.m<sup>-2</sup>), was obtained as a result of the use of chemical fertilizers and was equal to the combined application of Manure 40 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>+ vermiwash + EM. The orthogonal comparisons showed that the use of EM with vermicompost and manure versus using vermicompost and manure alone significantly reduced the traits of saffron.An experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at a field located in the Rivash town in the Khorasan Razavi province during the growing season 2013-2014 in order to compare and evaluate the effects of chemical fertilizer (Containing 12% N from Urea and nitrate sources, 8% P, 4%K and also Zn, Cu, Mg, Fe, Chelates), vermiwash and different levels of manure and vermicompost fertilizer with the use of biological EM (effective microorganisms) on the characteristics of corm in Saffron. Treatments included: 1.fertilizer chemical (containing 12% nitrogen from urea and nitrate, %8-P, 4% potassium and chelates together iron, zinc, manganese and copper) 2.Manure 40 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 3.manure 40 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + EM, 4.manure 80 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 5.manure 80 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + EM, 6.vermicompost 10 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 7.vermicompost 10 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + EM, 8.vermicompost 15 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>, 9.vermicompost 15 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + EM 10.vermicompost 20 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> , 11.vermicompost 20 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + EM, 12.vermiwash, 13.vermiwash+ EM, 14.Manure 40 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>+ vermiwash, 15.Manure 40 t.ha<sup>-1</sup> + vermiwash + EM, 16.Control (no fertilizer application). The results of analysis of variance showed a significant effect of treatments on all of the characteristics with the exception of the total number of saffron corms. The results indicated that the highest increase in total yield of corm (715 g.m<sup>-2</sup>), corm number more than 8 grams (57 corms.m<sup>-2</sup>), was obtained as a result of the use of chemical fertilizers and was equal to the combined application of Manure 40 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>+ vermiwash + EM. The orthogonal comparisons showed that the use of EM with vermicompost and manure versus using vermicompost and manure alone significantly reduced the traits of saffron.https://saffron.torbath.ac.ir/article_41346_cd92333008c814c1e73074136dfa3c07.pdfUniversity of Torbat HeydariehSaffron Agronomy and Technology2383-15295120170321Survey and comparison of the antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and flavonoid compounds of saffron petals sowing in different regions of the Lorestan provinceSurvey and comparison of the antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and flavonoid compounds of saffron petals sowing in different regions of the Lorestan province51603923110.22048/jsat.2017.39231FAAli MohammadianResearcher, Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center,Lorestan University of Medical Sciences,Khorramabad and
2.Researcher, Lorestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education centerHassan AhmadvandAssociate professor,department of biochemistry,faculty of medicin,Lorestan University of Medical Sciences,Khorramabad,IraReza Karamian2.Researcher, Lorestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education centerReza SiahmansourAssistant Professor, Lorestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education centerAli SepahvandResearcher, Lorestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education centerShahram OmidvariAssistant Professor, Lorestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education centerJournal Article20160130Saffron is one of the most valuable food and medicine products that has a high economic importance in Iran and other countries. Harmful environmental factors prohibit the human body from collating the free radicals that are produced during breathing resulting in problems such as premature aging, atherosclerosis and cancer. There has been only a few reported research studies on the antioxidant properties of Saffron petals in world. This research was carried out in order to survey the antioxidant compound that may be extracted from Saffron petals and indicate the total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the cultivated Saffron farms of the Lorestan province. After specifying the Saffron farms by the Random systematic method, the compound sampling was carried out (Saffron petals amount 2 kg). Then, the antioxidant activity, total amount of phenols and flavonoids in the extracts were measured by methods of DPPH, Folinciocalteau and Colorimetric assay, respectively. The results showed that the amount of IC<sub>50 </sub>was the lowest and highestin Noorabad and Vician farms with amounts of 1.66 and 156.4μg/ml, respectively by the Duncan test. The results of mean comparison showed that the total phenol content and total flavonoid content of 1098.8 mg Gallic acid/g extract and 41.39 mg cou/g extract, respectively that belonged to the Noorabad and the Chaghalvandi farms had the highest amounts among all of the saffron cultivation in the farms.Saffron is one of the most valuable food and medicine products that has a high economic importance in Iran and other countries. Harmful environmental factors prohibit the human body from collating the free radicals that are produced during breathing resulting in problems such as premature aging, atherosclerosis and cancer. There has been only a few reported research studies on the antioxidant properties of Saffron petals in world. This research was carried out in order to survey the antioxidant compound that may be extracted from Saffron petals and indicate the total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the cultivated Saffron farms of the Lorestan province. After specifying the Saffron farms by the Random systematic method, the compound sampling was carried out (Saffron petals amount 2 kg). Then, the antioxidant activity, total amount of phenols and flavonoids in the extracts were measured by methods of DPPH, Folinciocalteau and Colorimetric assay, respectively. The results showed that the amount of IC<sub>50 </sub>was the lowest and highestin Noorabad and Vician farms with amounts of 1.66 and 156.4μg/ml, respectively by the Duncan test. The results of mean comparison showed that the total phenol content and total flavonoid content of 1098.8 mg Gallic acid/g extract and 41.39 mg cou/g extract, respectively that belonged to the Noorabad and the Chaghalvandi farms had the highest amounts among all of the saffron cultivation in the farms.https://saffron.torbath.ac.ir/article_39231_a414083e8a2a9d27806a526c91772347.pdfUniversity of Torbat HeydariehSaffron Agronomy and Technology2383-15295120170321Effects of different humic acid levels and planting density on antioxidant activities and active ingredients of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)Effects of different humic acid levels and planting density on antioxidant activities and active ingredients of saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.)61714088910.22048/jsat.2017.40889FAFarideh AhmadiM.Sc. Student of Horticultural Science (Medicnal plants), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, IranMohammad Hossein AminifardAssistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Special Plants Regional Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, IranMahdi KhayatAssistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Special Plants Regional Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, IranAlireza SamadzadehPreceptor in Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand.Journal Article20160507The effects of applications of humic acid and planting density on antioxidant activities and components of saffron were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were of four levels of humic acid (0, 5, 10 and 15 Kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) and three densities of planting (50, 75 and 100 corms.m<sup>-2</sup>). The experiment was designed in randomized block design with three replications at the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Birjand during the growing season of 2015. Petal antioxidant compounds (antioxidan, total phenol and Anthocyanins) and active ingredients of saffron (picrocin, safranal and crocin) were influenced by humic acid and planting density treatments. The highest antioxidant activity (69.7%) was obtained in plants treated with 5 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> humic acid with a planting density of 50 corms.m<sup>-2</sup>. However, no significant difference was found in phenol content under different treatments. The highest anthocyanin content (46.4 mg.100 g<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>) was observed in 10 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> humic acid with a planting density of 75 corms.m<sup>-2</sup>. Picrocin content was influenced in response to humic acid planting density and the highest value (40.60%) was obtained from 15 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> humic acid with a planting density of 75 corms.m<sup>-2</sup>. The highest safranal (20.1%) and crocin (55.57%) were obtained in plants treated with10 kg.ha<sup>-1 </sup>acid humic, while the lowest values were recorded in the control (15.70%) and (43.12%) respectively. Thus, the results showed that humic acid and planting density have strong impacts on antioxidant compounds and active ingredients of saffron under field conditions.The effects of applications of humic acid and planting density on antioxidant activities and components of saffron were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were of four levels of humic acid (0, 5, 10 and 15 Kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>) and three densities of planting (50, 75 and 100 corms.m<sup>-2</sup>). The experiment was designed in randomized block design with three replications at the research station of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Birjand during the growing season of 2015. Petal antioxidant compounds (antioxidan, total phenol and Anthocyanins) and active ingredients of saffron (picrocin, safranal and crocin) were influenced by humic acid and planting density treatments. The highest antioxidant activity (69.7%) was obtained in plants treated with 5 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> humic acid with a planting density of 50 corms.m<sup>-2</sup>. However, no significant difference was found in phenol content under different treatments. The highest anthocyanin content (46.4 mg.100 g<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>) was observed in 10 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> humic acid with a planting density of 75 corms.m<sup>-2</sup>. Picrocin content was influenced in response to humic acid planting density and the highest value (40.60%) was obtained from 15 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup> humic acid with a planting density of 75 corms.m<sup>-2</sup>. The highest safranal (20.1%) and crocin (55.57%) were obtained in plants treated with10 kg.ha<sup>-1 </sup>acid humic, while the lowest values were recorded in the control (15.70%) and (43.12%) respectively. Thus, the results showed that humic acid and planting density have strong impacts on antioxidant compounds and active ingredients of saffron under field conditions.https://saffron.torbath.ac.ir/article_40889_1b0c058aa8c04915670ea997bba18141.pdfUniversity of Torbat HeydariehSaffron Agronomy and Technology2383-15295120170321The structure of the protein and gene expression of PIC2, affecting flowering Flowers (Crocus sativus L.)The structure of the protein and gene expression of PIC2, affecting flowering Flowers (<i>Crocus sativus</i> L.)73904316310.22048/jsat.2017.63141.1200FAFaezeh GharariDepartment of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Torbat Heydarieh University, Torbat Heydarieh, IranJournal Article20161009Saffron is grown for using its flower and red color stigma. This plant has many uses in the food industry, paints and medicine. Due to its high monetary worth, identification of genes involved in the flowering is very important. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset of flowering, Gene and gene expression of Pistillata-Like MADS box (PIC2) were studied. The Gene sequences have high homology with other family members of the MADS-box family (one of the transcription factors control the expression of proteins flowers). In this research, the gene was studied using bioinformatics resources. Primers were designed for amplification of the gene and then the total DNA and RNA were extracted from the leaves of saffron. cDNA synthesis was performed by the reverse transcriptase enzyme and it was used as a template for amplification of PIC2 gene by PCR reaction. The reaction was amplified to a fragment with length 900 bp from cDNA and another fragment with length 2100 bp from genomic DNA. This gene encodes a protein that includes 210 amino acids. By analyzing the molecular structure of protein transcripts based on modeling of the gene homology, the spatial figure showed that they have a regular structure.Saffron is grown for using its flower and red color stigma. This plant has many uses in the food industry, paints and medicine. Due to its high monetary worth, identification of genes involved in the flowering is very important. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset of flowering, Gene and gene expression of Pistillata-Like MADS box (PIC2) were studied. The Gene sequences have high homology with other family members of the MADS-box family (one of the transcription factors control the expression of proteins flowers). In this research, the gene was studied using bioinformatics resources. Primers were designed for amplification of the gene and then the total DNA and RNA were extracted from the leaves of saffron. cDNA synthesis was performed by the reverse transcriptase enzyme and it was used as a template for amplification of PIC2 gene by PCR reaction. The reaction was amplified to a fragment with length 900 bp from cDNA and another fragment with length 2100 bp from genomic DNA. This gene encodes a protein that includes 210 amino acids. By analyzing the molecular structure of protein transcripts based on modeling of the gene homology, the spatial figure showed that they have a regular structure.https://saffron.torbath.ac.ir/article_43163_4508a3ade8d6842356f228fd9deff0df.pdfUniversity of Torbat HeydariehSaffron Agronomy and Technology2383-15295120170321Investigating factors related to selling behaviour of Saffron farmers in the Qaen TownshipInvestigating factors related to selling behaviour of Saffron farmers in the Qaen Township911054237210.22048/jsat.2017.50866.1155FAMajid KhosraviM.Sc. Graduate, Rural Development, University of Zanjan, IranAli ShamsAssistant professor, Agricultural Extension and Education, University of Zanjan, IranHigar Gholi ZadehAssistant professor, Agricultural Economy, University of Zanjan, IranZahra Hoshmandan MoghadamPh.D Student, Agricultural Extension and Education, University of Zanjan, IranJournal Article20160318The marketing behavior of different Saffron farmers is different due to a few effective factors. The present descriptive/correlational study is aimed at investigating the selling behavior of Saffron farmers and the associated factors. The statistical population consisted of all Saffron farmers in the Qaen Township in 2015 (N= 12860) of which 230 were selected through a randomized multi-stage sampling method. The sample size was identified based on Cochran's sampling formula. Data was gathered through a valid and reliable questionnaire with face to face interviews done with farmers and analyzed by SPSS software package. The results indicated that Saffron farmers have distinct marketing behaviors, such that 30.7 percent of their Saffron products were sold in Dasteh type, 35.8 percent in Poshal type and 33.5 percent in Negin type. The results also showed that there were significant correlations between marketing behavior with variables such as the amount of self-consumption of saffron, acreage of cultivated area, their satisfaction from product quantity, the extent of use of some marketing information channels and the ratio of saffron income to total income.The marketing behavior of different Saffron farmers is different due to a few effective factors. The present descriptive/correlational study is aimed at investigating the selling behavior of Saffron farmers and the associated factors. The statistical population consisted of all Saffron farmers in the Qaen Township in 2015 (N= 12860) of which 230 were selected through a randomized multi-stage sampling method. The sample size was identified based on Cochran's sampling formula. Data was gathered through a valid and reliable questionnaire with face to face interviews done with farmers and analyzed by SPSS software package. The results indicated that Saffron farmers have distinct marketing behaviors, such that 30.7 percent of their Saffron products were sold in Dasteh type, 35.8 percent in Poshal type and 33.5 percent in Negin type. The results also showed that there were significant correlations between marketing behavior with variables such as the amount of self-consumption of saffron, acreage of cultivated area, their satisfaction from product quantity, the extent of use of some marketing information channels and the ratio of saffron income to total income.https://saffron.torbath.ac.ir/article_42372_920bc22c0da5f927dee485edcd3dac46.pdf