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مطالعه فلوریستیک علف‌های هرز مزارع زعفران (Crocus sativus L. ) بخش چشمه‌ساران شهرستان آزادشهر

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته شناسایی و مبارزه با علف‌های ‌هرز گروه تولیدات گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

2 استادیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

3 استان گلستان، شهرستان گنبدکاووس، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گروه تولیدات گیاهی. صندوق پستی 163.

چکیده

تحقیقی به‌منظور مطالعه فلوریستیک علف‌های هرز مزارع زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) واقع در بخش چشمه‌ساران شهرستان آزادشهر جهت گزارش پراکنش و تنوع گونه‌ای جمعیت علف‌های ‌هرز انجام شد. برای این منظور، مزارع زعفران با سطح زیر کشت بالغ بر 3 هکتار در سه منطقه شامل روستاهای نرآب، وامنان و تیل‌آباد مورد شناسایی قرار گرفت. شناسایی و نمونه‌برداری از علف‌های‌ هرز در مرحله رشد رویشی زعفران (بنه دختری) در سال 1396 انجام شد. تعداد 45 کوآدرات برای هر مزرعه مورد برررسی قرار گرفت و سپس تعداد و نوع گونه علف‌هرز در هر کوآدرات به‌تفکیک شمارش گردید. گونه‌های هرز بر اساس نام فارسی، نام علمی، جنس، تیره، شکل برگ، مسیر فتوسنتزی، شکل رویشی و چرخه زندگی طبقه‌بندی شدند. نتایج ترکیب گونه‌ای علف‌های هرز در مزارع زعفران مناطق سه گانه نشان داد که منطقه نرآب با 54 گونه از بیشترین تعداد برخوردار بود. علف‌هرز سیزاب ایرانی و گندمک در نرآب و سیزاب ایرانی در وامنان از علف‌های هرز غالب در این مناطق بوده که از بیشترین تراکم و فراوانی نسبی برخوردار بودند. در مقابل علف‌هرز جو موشی در منطقه تیل‌آباد از لحاظ تراکم و فراوانی بیشترین میزان را دارا بود. این امر می‌تواند به‌دلیل تفاوت در مختصات جغرافیایی، شرایط آب و هوایی محل‌‌های نمونه‌برداری، توان رقابتی علف‌های هرز و روش‌های مدیریتی کنترل آن‌ها در مزارع زعفران باشد. نتایج تنوع گونه‌ای علف‌های هرز نشان داد که مناطق تیل‌آباد و نرآب به‌ترتیب از بیشترین و کمترین شاخص غالبیت به‌میزان 13/0 و 08/0 برخوردار بودند. در مقابل، بیشترین غنای منهینگ، مارگالف و یکنواختی علف‌های هرز به منطقه نرآب به‌ترتیب معادل 67/0، 55/2 و 97/0 اختصاص داشت. هم‌چنین مناطق نرآب و وامنان به‌ترتیب از بیشترین مقدار عددی شاخص سیمپسون (92/0) و شانون- وینر (64/2) برخوردار بودند. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد که مزارع زعفران در دو منطقه نرآب و وامنان از لحاظ حضور تعداد گونه‌ای و شاخص‌های جمعیتی علف‌های هرز از بیشترین تشابه برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Floristic study of weeds of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) fields in Cheshmesaran district in Azadshar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kambiz Khormali 1
  • Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari 2
  • Mehdi Zaraie 2
  • Zeinab Avarseji 3
  • Leila Ahangar 3

1 MSc. in Identification and Weeds Control, Plant Production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University.

2 Assistant Professor, Department Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University

3 Assistant Professor, Department Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University

چکیده [English]

A research was conducted to study floristic of weeds of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) fields located in Cheshmesaran district in Azadshar to report distribution and species diversity of weeds population. For this purpose, saffron fields under cultivation over 3 hectares was identified in three regions, including Narab, Vamenan and Tillabad village. Identification and sampling of weeds was done in vegetative growth stage of saffron (daughter corms) in 2017. 45 quadrates were used for each farm and then number and type of weed species each quadrat was counted separately. Weeds species based on Persian name, scientific name, genus, family, leaf shape, photosynthetic pathway, growth habit and life cycle were classified. Results of species composition of weeds in saffron fields of triple regions showed that Narab region with 54 species had the largest number of species. Veronica persica Poir weed and Stellaria midia in Narab and Veronica persica Poir in Vamenan were the dominant weed in these regions which had the highest relative density and frequency. In return, Hordeum murinum in the Tillabad region had the greatest density and frequency. This could be due to the differences in geographical coordinates, climatic conditions of sampling locations, competitive ability of weeds and management methods to control them in saffron fields. The results of species diversity of weeds showed that Narab and Tilabad included highest and lowest dominance index, which were about 0.13 and 0.08, respectively. In return, the highest Menhinick richness, Margalev and uniformiy of weeds were recorded in the Narab region about 0.67, 2.55 and 0.97, respectively. Narab and Vamenan regions also had maximum numerical value of Simpson (0.92) and Shannon- Wiener indices (2.64). Overall, the results showed that saffron fields of both regions of Narab and Vamenan were most similar in term of weed species number and population indices.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Daughter corm
  • Species composition
  • Shannon and Simpson indices
  • Uniformity
  • Veronica persica Poir
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زراعت و فناوری زعفران
دوره 8، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 28
تابستان 99
تیر 1399
صفحه 185-209
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هم رسانی
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