با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده



کشاورزی نقش مهمی در اقتصاد کشور از طریق افزایش تولید، صادرات، اشتغال و تأمین نیازهای غذایی دارد. از اینرو، با توجه به اهداف راهبردی کشور به منظور توسعه صادرات غیرنفتی‌‌، محصول زعفران یکی از محصولات مهم صادراتی بخش کشاورزی ایران به شمار می‌رود که در سال‌های اخیر با کاهش صادرات در بازارهای هدف رو به رو بوده است. از سوی دیگر پیچیدگی‌های شبکه جهانی تجارت موجب شده است که کشورهای فعال در این شبکه همواره به دنبال افزایش تخصصی شدن باشند. لذا تخصصی شدن واردات موجب ارتقای زنجیره عرضه جهت تامین نیازهای غذایی کشورهای واردکننده می‌شود که نقشی اساسی در تجارت کشورها دارد. لذا هدف این مطالعه ارزیابی روند تخصصی شدن کشورهای واردکننده زعفران و تحلیل اثرگذاری آن بر صادرات ایران است. به منظور دستیابی به این هدف، از روش درستنمایی شبه بیشینه پوآسن طی دوره 2017-2001 انجام شده است. بنابر نتایج، متغیر تخصصی شدن کشورهای واردکننده زعفران اثری فزاینده و معنی‌دار بر صادرات زعفران ایران داشته است. همچنین متغیرهای درآمد سرانه و جمعیت کشورهای واردکننده اثری مثبت و معنی‌دار درحالی‌که فاصله جغرافیایی و بحران غذا اثری منفی و معنی‌دار بر صادرات صادرات زعفران ایران دارد. لذا با توجه به افزایش تخصصی شدن بیشتر کشورهای واردکننده زعفران و اثر معنی‌دار آن بر صادرات ایران پیشنهاد می‌شود بازارهای هدف نزدیک و با درآمد سرانه بالا که دارای درجه بالای تخصصی شدن هستند مورد هدف صادرکنندگان قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of specialization of saffron importing countries on Iran's exports

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sara Baghban Haghighi 1
  • Alireza Sani Heidary 2
  • Hamed Rafiee 3
  • Milad Aminizadeh 2

1 Ph.D. of agricultural economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran.

2 PhD candidate of agricultural economics, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Assistant Professor of agricultural economics, Department of agricultural economics and development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in Iran’s economy by increasing production, exports, and employment and supplying food needs. Therefore, according to the country’s strategic goals to develop non-oil exports, saffron has been paid attention as one of the most important agricultural products due to its high income and currency earnings. However, the exports of this product to target markets have been reduced in recent years. On the other hand, the complexities of the global trade network have led the countries operating in this network to increase their specialization. Import specialization improves the supply chain to provide the food needs of importing countries, which play a key role in trade. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the specialization pattern of saffron importing countries and analyse its impact on Iran’s exports using the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood method over 2001-2017. According to the results, the coefficient of the variable relative import advantage (RMA), as a proxy of import specialization, is positive and significant, thus having a significant effect on Iranian saffron exports. In addition, per capita GDP and population affect Iran’s saffron exports positively and significantly, while the coefficients of geographical distance and food crisis are negative and statistically significant. Therefore, due to the increasing specialization of saffron-importing countries and its significant effect on Iran’s exports, exporters are suggested to focus on close target markets with high per capita income and a high degree of specialization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gravity model"
  • Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood
  • Saffron export"
  • "
  • Iran "
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