با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی کوتاه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی دانشگاه یزد

2 استادیار بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، گروه مدیریت مناطق خشک و بیابانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه یزد

3 دانشیار بیوتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

4 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد باغبانی-گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه شاهد

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر که استفاده از زعفران به دلیل خصوصیات دارویی و ترکیبات مؤثره آن رو به افزایش است، علاوه ‌بر افزایش تولید محصول، افزایش کمی و کیفی متابولیت‌های ثانویه به عنوان یکی از مهم­ترین اهداف به‌نژادی در این گیاه به‌شمار می‌رود. از طرفی، گیاه زعفران به خاطر ماهیت تکثیر رویشی از تنوع ژنتیکی پایینی برخوردار بوده و اصلاح از طریق جهش، می‌تواند ابزار مناسبی برای دستیابی به تنوع مدنظر به شمار آید. در این مطالعه به منظور بررسی برخی تغییرات فیتوشیمیایی و شاخص‌های رشدی بنه‌های پرتوتابی شده زعفران، بنه‌های جمع‌آوری شده در مردادماه 1398 از شهرستان قائن استان خراسان جنوبی در دو سطح 15 و 18 گری با اشعه گاما (چشمه Co60) در پژوهشکده کشاورزی هسته­ای کرج تیمار و سپس به‌همراه بنه‌های شاهد (بدون پرتو) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی نامتعادل در گلخانه پژوهشی دانشگاه یزد کشت شدند. در این بررسی که ترکیبات پیکروکروسین، سافرانال و کروسین برحسب جذب محلول آبی 1% به ترتیب در طول موج‌های 254، 330 و 440 نانومتر بر ماده خشک اندازه‌گیری شد، نتایج نشان داد که در نمونه‌های پرتوتابی‌شده، محتوای این سه ترکیب (P<0.001) بیشتر از شاهد و در دُز 15 گری محتوای پیکروکروسین و کروسین (77/93 و 02/263) به‌طور معنی‌دار بیشتر از 18 گری (34/92 و 73/262) بود اما درخصوص محتوای سافرانال، تفاوت بین سطوح پرتوتابی معنی‌دار نبود. همچنین شاخص سطح برگ و شاخص برداشت نیز در دُز 15 گری بیشترین میزان افزایش معنی‌داری (06/3 و 14/0) را نشان داد. در این مطالعه اگرچه تیمار پرتو گاما نتوانست تغییر معنی‌داری را در تعداد بنه‌های دختری بین سطوح مختلف پرتو و شاهد ایجاد کند اما نتایج حاکی از کاهش معنی‌دار محتوای کلروفیل نسبی و وزن متوسط بنه دختری پرتوتابی‌شده نسبت به سطح بدون پرتوتابی بود. به‌طورکلی، نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که در صفات فیتوشیمایی و نیز شاخص برداشت و سطح برگ، گیاهان تیمار 15 گری نسبت به گیاهان بدون پرتوتابی، برتری معنی‌داری داشتند اما در سطح بالاتر پرتو گاما، احتمالاً به دلیل تخریب محتوای ژنتیکی و نیز تأثیر بر روی برخی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی، گیاهان تیمار 18 گری، نتوانستند نتایج قابل قبولی را نشان دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of gamma radiation on some growth and phytochemical indices of saffron (Crocus sativus)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Mohammad Mohit-Ardakani 1
  • Seyed Ebrahim Seifati 2
  • Ali Izanloo 3
  • Zahra Karimi-bekr 4

1 Yazd University

2 Assistant Professor of Biotechnology, Department of Arid Land and Desert Management, School of Natural Resources and Desert Studies, Yazd University, Yazd, IRAN

3 Associate Professor of Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

4 MSc graduate of Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

In recent years, the use of saffron spice is increasing due to its medicinal properties and effective components. In addition to increasing crop production, increasing the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites is considered one of the most important objectives of plant breeding programs. On the other hand, the saffron plant has low genetic diversity due to the nature of vegetative propagation and induction of variation through mutagenesis is a suitable tool to achieve the desired diversity. Gamma radiation is one of the most widely used physical mutagens in plant breeding programs. In order to investigate the effect of gamma-ray on some growth and phytochemical indices of saffron plants, an experiment was conducted in an unbalanced complete randomized design with three treatments (Control, 15 and 18 Gy) at Yazd University. In this experiment, 15 and 18 Gy doses of gamma irradiation (Co60) were applied at Karaj Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute to induce mutations on collected saffron corms from Qaen, South Khorasan in August 2017. In this study, picrocrocin, safranal and crocin were measured in a 1% aqueous solution at 254, 330 and 440 nm wavelengths, respectively. Based on the results of this experiment, the effect of irradiation on picrocrocin and crocin was significant (P <0.001) and the observed amounts of these compounds (93.77 and 263.02) at the dose of 15 Gy were significantly higher than 18 Gy (92.34 and 262.73), while in terms of safranal content, the difference between radiation levels was not significant. Leaf area index and harvest index were also significant and showed the highest amount of these two indices at 15 Gy dose (3.06 and 0.14). In this study, although gamma radiation treatment could not significantly change the number of daughter corms between different levels of radiation and control, a significant reduction in relative chlorophyll content and an average weight of corms were observed compared to the control (without radiation). In general, the results of this study showed that in phytochemical traits as well as harvest index and leaf area, 15 Gy had a significant advantage over plants without radiation, but at higher levels of gamma radiation, probably due to degradation of genetic content and its effect on some biochemical parameters, 18 Gy plants failed to show acceptable results.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Radiation
  • Safranal
  • Harvest Index
  • Secondary metabolite
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