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نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

3 کارشناس ارشد، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

4 کارشناس مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

چکیده

در این آزمایش، تأثیر آفتاب‏دهی با پلاستیک شفاف، زمان کاشت و اولین آبیاری پس از کاشت بر جمعیت کنه (Rhizoglyphus robini) و عملکرد کلاله زعفران به‌صورت کرت‏های خردشده و در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی سال‏های 1390 تا 1394 در شهرستان گناباد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. فاکتور‏های اصلی شامل آفتاب‏دهی و عدم آفتاب‏دهی خاک قبل از کاشت بودند که در کرت‏های اصلی قرار گرفتند. هفت روش مدیریت زراعی شامل 1- کاشت زعفران در شهریور ماه بدون آبیاری پس از کاشت، 2- کاشت زعفران در شهریور ماه همراه با آبیاری بلافاصله پس از کاشت، 3- کاشت زعفران در خرداد ماه سال بعد بدون آبیاری پس از کاشت، 4- کاشت زعفران در خرداد ماه سال بعد همراه با آبیاری بلافاصله پس از کاشت، 5- کاشت زعفران در خرداد ماه سال بعد و آبیاری آن در مرداد ماه، 6- کاشت زعفران در شهریور ماه سال بعد بدون آبیاری پس از کاشت و 7- کاشت زعفران در شهریور ماه سال بعد همراه با آبیاری بلافاصله پس از کاشت در کرت‏های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد آفتاب‏دهی به‌طورکلی و فارغ از بسته مدیریت اعمال ‌شده باعث کاهش جمعیت کنه و افزایش عملکرد کلاله زعفران شد. روش زراعی 4 یعنی آبیاری بلافاصله پس از کاشت زعفران در خرداد موجب شد جمعیت کنه افزایش یابد و در نتیجه باعث کاهش عملکرد کلاله زعفران شد. درحالی‌که روش 2 (کاشت در شهریور و آبیاری آن بلافاصله بعد از کاشت) جمعیت کنه را کاهش و عملکرد را افزایش داد. عملکرد زعفران در تاریخ کشت‌های خرداد (روش‏های 3، 4 و 5) نسبت به شهریور (روش‏های 1، 2، 6 و 7) بیشتر بود. کمترین جمعیت کنه و بیشترین عملکرد زعفران به تیمار آفتاب‏دهی و روش زراعی 3 (کاشت زعفران در خرداد سال بعد و بدون آبیاری بعد از کاشت) تعلق گرفت به‌طوری‌که در این تیمار نسبت به بدترین تیمار (بدون آفتاب‏دهی، روش 1)، جمعیت کنه را 94 درصد کاهش و در نتیجه عملکرد زعفران را 53/348 درصد افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigting the effects of some physical and cultural methods on the population of bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini) and yield of saffron (.Crocus sativus L)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Rahimi 1
  • Ehssan Torabi 2
  • Hossien Rahimi 3
  • Mahdi Araghi 4
  • Mohammad Roshnavandi 4

1 Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center of Khorassan Razavi

2 PhD student, Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran

3 MSc Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center of Khorassan Razavi

4 BSc Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center of Khorassan Razavi

چکیده [English]

In this research, the effects of solarization by transparent plastics, planting time and the first irrigation after planting on the populations of saffron bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini) and yield (Crocus sativus L.) were investigated. A split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replicates from 2011 to 2015 in Gonabad, Khorasan Razavi province. Solarization and non-solarization factors were placed in the main plots. Seven crop managing packages including 1- planting without irrigation in September, 2- irrigation immediately after planting in September, 3- planting without irrigation in June, 4- irrigation immediately after planting in June, 5- planting in June and irrigation in August, 6- planting without irrigation in September of the next year, and 7- irrigation immediately after planting in September of the next year were placed in sub-plots. The results showed that regardless of management package, solarization suppressed the mite populations and increased saffron yield. Package 4, Irrigation immediately after planting on June, increased the mite populations and decreased saffron yields. However, package 2, irrigation on September, reduces the mite populations and increases saffron yield. Planting Saffron in June (packages 3, 4, and 5) resulted in more yield compared to Planting at September (packages 1, 2, 6, and 7). The lowest reduction in the population of mites (94%) and the highest yield (77%) were achieved through solarization and by implementing package 3, treatment and cultivation in June of the next year with no irrigation after planting.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • irrigation
  • Solarization
  • Transparence
  • planting date
  • Mite
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