با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سبزوار ، سبزوار، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت واصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت واصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سبزوار، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر زمان محلول‌پاشی و نوع کود بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد زعفران، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 95-1394 در شهرستان ششتمد استان خراسان رضوی اجرا شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل نوع کود در پنج سطح: اسید هیومیک (نیم لیتر در هکتار)، آمینواسید (نیم لیتر در هکتار)، کود کامل (2 لیتر در هکتار)، مخلوط کود کامل و آمینواسید (یک لیتر در هکتار+نیم لیتر در هکتار) و یک تیمار شاهد بدون مصرف کود و همچنین زمان محلول‌پاشی در دو سطح (اول بهمن و اول اسفند) بودند. تعداد گل در مترمربع، طول کلاله، عملکرد گل‌تر، عملکرد کلاله+خامه و عملکرد کلاله  مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که بالاترین تعداد گل در مترمربع (5/68)، میانگین طول کلاله (57/2 سانتی­متر)، عملکرد گل‌تر (6/200 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد کلاله+خامه (6/3 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد کلاله (75/1 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با مصرف کود کامل+آمینواسید مشاهده شد. اثر زمان محلول‌پاشی بر تعداد گل در مترمربع، طول کلاله، عملکرد گل‌تر، عملکرد کلاله+خامه و عملکرد کلاله معنی‌دار بود. محلول‌پاشی در اول بهمن، باعث بهبود عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد زعفران نسبت به محلول‌پاشی در اول اسفند گردید. واکنش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد به نوع کود مصرفی بر اساس زمان محلول‌پاشی متفاوت بود. مصرف کود کامل در اوایل بهمن در مقایسه با سایر کودها مناسب‌تر بود، در حالی­که استفاده از کود کامل+آمینواسید یا کود کامل در اول اسفند عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گل بیشتری در مقایسه با سایر کودها داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of foliar application time of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of saffron

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Emami 1
  • Mohammad Armin 2
  • Matin Jami Moeini 3

1 Former MSc of agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran

2 Associate Professor Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran

3 Assistance Professor Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran

چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effects of application time and type of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and yield components of saffron, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Sheshtamad, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. The factors were time of fertilizer foliar application (January and early February) and the type of fertilizer: Humic acid (0.5 L.ha-1), Amino acid fertilizer (0.5 L.ha-1), Complete fertilizer (2 L.ha-1), Complete fertilizer+amino acids (1 L.ha-1+0.5 L.ha-1) and a control without the use of fertilizers. In this experiment, fresh weight of flower, number of flowers per square meter, stigma length, stigma+style yield and stigma yield were measured. The results showed that the highest flower fresh weight (200.6 kg.ha-1), number of flowers (68.5), stigma length (2.57 cm), stigma+style yield (3.6 kg.ha-1) and stigma yield (1.75 kg.ha-1) were achieved by foliar application of complete fertilizer+amino acids. Fertilizer application time had a significant effect on fresh weight of flower, number of flowers per square meter, stigma length, stigma+style yield and stigma yield. Fertilizer application in February had higher positive effect than its application in March. Reaction of yield was also different to time of fertilizer application. In early February, using complete fertilizer was better compared to other fertilizers while in March complete fertilizer + amino acid or complete fertilizer had more yield compared to other fertilizers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amino acid
  • Complete fertilizer
  • Humic acid
  • Nutrient Management
  • Stigma yield
Akbarian, M.M., Heidari Sharifabad, H., Noormohammadi, G.H., and Darvish Kojouri, F. 2012. The effect of potassium, zinc and iron foliar application on the production of saffron (Crocus sativus). Annals of Biological Research 3 (12): 5651-5658.
Akrami, M.R., Malakouti, M.J., and Keshavarz, P. 2014. Study of flower and stigma yield of saffron as affected by potassium and zinc fertilizers in Khorasan Razavi Province. Journal of Saffron Research 2: 85-96. (In Persian with English Summary).
Amirghasemi, T. 2001. Saffron, Red Gold of Iran. Future Press, Tehran, Iran.
Amiri, M.E. 2008. Impact of animal manures and chemical fertilizers on yield components of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4: 274-279.
Anonymous. 2014. National network of research and technology of medicinal plants. Available at Web site https://www.mpnet.ir/4140/. (verified 5 june 2017).
Arslan, N., Ozer, A., and Akdemir, R. 2007. Cultivation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and effects of organic fertilizers to the flower yield. 1 International Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Conference on Culinary Herbs 826: 237-240.
Behdani, M.A., Koocheki, A., Nassiri, M., and Rezvani, P. 2005. Evaluation of quantitative relationships between saffron yield and nutrition (on farm trial). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 3: 1-14.
Beygi, M., Savaghebi, G., and Motesharezadeh, B. 2012. Study of zinc efficiency in selected common bean cultivars. Journal of Water and Soil 26: 33–41. (In Persian with English Summary).
Chaji, N., Khorassani, R., Astaraei, A., and Lakzian, A. 2013. Effect of phosphorous and nitrogen on vegetative growth and production of daughter corms of saffron. Journal of Saffron Research 1: 1–12. (In Persian with English Summary).
Faten, S.A., Shaheen, A.M., Ahmed, A.A., and Mahmoud, A.R. 2010. Effect of foliar application of amino acids as antioxidants on growth, yield and characteristics of Squash. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science 6: 583-588.
Hosseini, M., Sadeghiand, B., and Aghamiri, S.A. 2003. Influence of foliar fertilization on yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Paper presented at the 1 International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Biotechnology.
Hosseini, M., Sadeghiand, B., and Aghamiri, S.A. 2003. Influence of foliar fertilization on yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). 1 International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Biotechnology  650: 207-209.
Jahan, M., and Jahani Kondori, M. 2006. The effects of chemical and organic fertilizers on saffron flowering. Second International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology, Mashhad, Iran.
Kafi, M. 2006. Saffron (Crocus sativus): Production and Processing. Science Publishers.
Karimi, H., Mazaheri, D., Peyghambari, S.A., and Mirabzadeh Ardakani, M. 2011. Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers application on grain yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) SC704. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 13 (4): 611-626. (In Persian with English Summary).
Koocheki, A. 2013. Research on production of Saffron in Iran: Past trend and future prospects.
Koocheki, A., Fallahi, H.R., Amiri, M.B., and Ehyaei, H.R. 2016. Effects of humic acid application and mother corm weight on yield and growth of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Agroecology 7: 425-442. (In Persian with English Summary).
Koocheki, A., Jahani, M., Tabrizi, L., and Mohammadabadi, A. 2011. Investigation on the Effect of biofertilizer, chemical fertilizer and plant density on yield and corm criteria of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Water and Soil 25 (1): 196-206.
Koocheki, A., Seyyedi, S.M., Azizi, H., and Shahriyari, R. 2014. The effects of mother corm size, organic fertilizers and micronutrient foliar application on corm yield and phosphorus uptake of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Saffron Agronomy and Technology 2 (1): 3-17. (In Persian with English Summary).
Mahmoodi, H., and Alizadeh, K. 2015. Effect of free amino acids on the yield quality and quantity of forage varieties Gole-Sefid (Vicia panonica) in rainfed conditions. Journal of Iranian Dryland Farming 2 (2): 115-127. (In Persian with English Summary).
Mollafilabi, A. 2003. Experimental findings of production and echo physiological aspects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Paper presented at the 1 International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Biotechnology.
Mollafilabi, A., and Khorramdel, S. 2016. Effects of cow manure and foliar spraying on agronomic criteria and yield of saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) in a six year old farm. Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology 3 (4): 237-249. (In Persian with English Summary).
Munshi, A. 1994. Effect of N and K on the floral yield and conn production in saffron under rain-fed condition. Indian Arecant Spices 18: 24-44.
Omidi, H., Naghdi Badi, H., Golzad, A., Torabi, H., and Footoukian, M. 2009. The effect of chemical and bio-fertilizer source of nitrogen on qualitative and quantitative yield of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants 2 (30): 98-109. (In Persian with English Summary).
Pouryousef Miandoab, M., and Shahravan, N. 2014. Effect of foliar application of Amino Acids at different times on yield and yield components of maize. Crop Physiology Journal 6: 21-32. (In Persian with English Summary).
Raeisi, M., Farahani, L., and Palashi, M. 2014. Changes of qualitative and quantitative properties of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under foliar spraying through amino acid. International Journal of Biosciences 4 (1): 463-468.
Ramazani, A. 2000. Effect of bulb weight on saffron yield in Neyshabur region. Master's thesis. Faculty of Agriculture,Tarbiat Modares University.Tehran. Iran.  (In Persian with English Summary).
Rivandi, H., Marvi, H., and Moeini, M.J. 2016. The effect of soil and foliar application of effective microorganisms on growth characteristicsof saffron in the presence of chemical and organic fertilizers. Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology 4: 105-117. (In Persian with English Summary).
Rosen, C.J., and Allan, D.L., 2007. Exploring the benefits of organic nutrient sources for crop production and soil quality. Horticultural Technology 17: 430-422.