زراعت و فناوری زعفران

با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

اخبار و اعلانات

فرم های نشریه

راهنمای نویسندگان

تأثیر پرایمینگ هورمونی و وزن بنه بر عملکرد گل و خصوصیات بنه‌های دختری زعفران در سال اول

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

2 استادیار گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

3 استاد گروه علوم زراعی و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

زعفران یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات کشاورزی و دارویی ایران است که نقش مهمی در صادرات غیرنفتی دارد. با وجود این‌که ایران بیش‌ترین سطح زیر کشت را دارا می‌باشد ولی میزان عملکرد آن در مقایسه با تولید جهانی اندک است. این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی عملکرد گل و خصوصیات کمّی بنه­های دختری زعفران تحت تأثیر پرایمینگ تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی و دو اندازه مختلف بنه به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار، تحت شرایط گلدانی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس ابوریحان- دانشگاه تهران اجرا شد. بنه‌های بزرگ (10-8 گرم) و کوچک (5-3 گرم) مادری زعفران با اسیدجیبرلیک‌ (GA3)، سایتوکینین (BA) و اکسین (IBA) با غلظت ppm250 به صورت مجزا و قبل از کاشت پرایمینگ هورمونی شدند. صفاتی از قبیل زمان شروع گلدهی، تعداد و عملکرد گل، وزن‌تر گل، وزن‌تر و خشک کلاله، تعداد و وزن بنه‌های دختری حاصل از بنه­های مادری اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که کاربرد بنه بزرگ با وزن 8 الی 10 گرم در مقایسه با بنه کوچک در تمام صفات به‌جز شروع گلدهی در سطح احتمال 1% تفاوت معنی‌دار دارد. کاربرد هورمون سایتوکینین در مقایسه با شاهد برای تمام صفات به‌جز آغاز گلدهی و وزن بنه‌های دختری در سطح احتمال 1% تفاوت معنی‌دار نشان داد. کاربرد هورمون جیبرلین نیز گلدهی را تسریع نمود و در کورم مادری بزرگ وزن بنه‌های دختری را 56% نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد و با شاهد در سطح احتمال 1% اختلاف معنی‌دار داشت. اکسین (IBA) در صفت تعداد گل با شاهد اختلاف معنی­دار نداشت و برای سایر صفات نیز باوجود اینکه از شاهد بهتر بود، با دو تیمار BA و GA3 دارای اختلاف معنی­دار بود. بطورکلی نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد بنه مادری بزرگ به‌همراه پرایمینگ هورمونی آنها با استفاده از BA و GA3 عملکرد گل و بنه زعفران را در سال اول بهبود خواهد بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of hormone priming and corm weight on the yield of flowers and characteristics of daughter corms of saffron in the first year

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marjan Sadat Hoseinifard 1
  • Majid Ghorbani Javid 2
  • Iraj Allahdadi 3
  • Elias Soltani 2

1 M.Sc student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran.

3 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran.

چکیده [English]

Saffron is one of the most important crops and medicinal plants in Iran and plays an important role in non-oil exports of the country. Although Iran has the largest area under cultivation of saffron, its yield is low compared with global production. The main objective of this study is to investigate the yield of flowers and quantitative characteristics of daughter corms under the effects of application of plant growth regulators priming and two different corm sizes. A factorial experiment arrangement in RCBD with four replications was conducted, under the terms of pot at the College of Aburaihan-University of Tehran, Iran during 2015. Small (3-5g) and large (8-10g) mother corm sizes were hormonal priming by gibberelic acid (GA3), cytokinin (BA), auxin (IBA) with 250 ppm concentration and before cultivation. The start of flowering, number and flowers yield, fresh weight of flower, fresh and dry weight of stigma, number and weight of daughter corms per mother corms were measured. The results showed that in all traits except the start of flowering large corms weighing of 8 to 10 g were cultivated in comparison with small corms and this was significant at the 1% level. Application of cytokinins hormone in comparison with control for all traits except the start of flowering and weight of daughter corms showed a significant difference at 1%. Application of gibberellic acid hormone treatment also accelerated flowering. In addition, it increased the weight of daughter corms by 56% in large mother corms compared to control and this had a significant difference from control at 1%. Auxin (IBA) in the number of flowers had no significant difference with control and also in other traits, although IBA was better than control, with both BA and GA3 treatments had a significant difference. The results indicated that the use of large mother corms with hormonal priming with BA and GA3 will improve flower and corm yield in the first year.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corm weight
  • Cytokinin
  • gibberellic acid
  • Stigma
  • Yield
مراجع
Amirghasemi, T. 2004. Saffron, Red Gold of Iran. Nashr- Ayandegan Publication. 112 pp. (In Persian).
Amirshekari, H., Soroushzadeh, A., Modares Sanavi, A., and Jalali Joran, M. 2006. Study of effects of root temperature, corm size, and gibberellin on underground organs of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Iranian Journal of Biology 19 (1): 5-18. (In Persian with English Summary).
Arteca, R.N. 2000. Plant Growth Sustances Principles and Application. Translated by: Fathi, G. and Esmaielpour, B. Publications University of Mashhad. 72: 161-162.
Asthir, B., Kaur, A., and Basra, A.S. 1998. Do phytohormones influence the uptake and metabolism of sucrose in spikelets of wheat? Phyton Horn 38: 293–299.
Azizbikova, N.S.H., and Milaeva, E.L. 1978. Saffron Cultivation in Azerbaijan. In: Negbi. M.(ed). Crocus Sativus L. Harwood Academic Publishers. Australia. p. 63-71.
Azizi-Zehan, A.A., Kamgar-Haghighi, A.A., and Sepaskhah, A.R. 2008. Crop and pan coefficients for saffron in a Semi-arid region of Iran. Journal of Arid Environments 72: 270-278.
Behdani, M.A., Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Jami Al-Ahmadi, M. 2008. Agroecological zoning and potential yield of saffron in Khorasan-Iran. Journal of Biological Sciences 8 (2): 298-305. (In Persian with English Summary).
Chrungoo, N.K., and Farooq, S. 1984. Influence of GA and NAA on the yield and growth of saffron. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 27: 201-205.
Davis, P.J. 1988. Plant Hormones and their Role in Plant Growth and Development. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 432 pp.
De Juan, A., Moya, A., L˴pez, S., Botella, O., L˴pez, H., and Munoz, R. 2003. Influence of the corm size and the density of plantation in the yield and the quality of the production of corms of Crocus sativus L. ITEA 99: 169-180.
Dhua, R.S., Ghosh, S.K., Mitra, S.K., Yadav, L.P., and Bose, T.K. 2005. Effect of bulb size, temperature treatment of bulbs and chemicals on growth and flower production in tuberose. Acta Horticulture 205: 121-128.
Greenberg-Kaslasi, D. 1991. Vegetative and reproductive development in the saffron corms (Crocus Sativus L.). M.Sc Thesis, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
Gresta, F., Lombardo, G.M., Siracusa, L., and Ruberto, G., 2008. Effect of mother corm dimension and sowing time on stigma yield, daughter corms and qualitative aspects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in a Mediterranean environment. Journal Science Food Agriculture 88: 1144–1150.
Hanks, G.R. 1984. Factors affecting the response of tulips to gibberllin. Scientia Horticulturae 23: 3-390.
Koocheki, A. 2013. Research on production of Saffron in Iran: Past trend and future prospects. Saffron Agronomy & Technology 1 (1): 3-21. (In Persian with English Summary).
Koocheki, A., Ganjeali, A., and Abbassi, F. 2007. The effect of duration and condition of incubation, weight of mother corms and photoperiod on corm and shoot characteristics of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.). Iranian Journal Field Crops Research 4: 315–331. (In Persian with English Summary).
Koocheki, A., Nassiri, M., and Behdani, M.A. 2006. Agronomic attributes of saffron yield at agroecosystems scale in Iran. Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology. Mashhad, Iran, 28-30 October 2006, p. 33-40.
Leite, V.M., Rosolem, C.A., and Rodrigues, J.D. 2003. Gibberlin and Cytokinin effects on soybean growth. Scientia Agricola 60: 537-541.
Letham, D.S. 1994. Cytokinins as phytohormones-sites of biosynthesis, translocation, and function of translocated cytokinin. In: Mok, D.W.S., Mok, M.C. (eds) Cytokinins: Chemistry, Activity, and Function. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p. 57–80.
Long, R.L., Williams, K., Griffiths, E.M., Flematti, G.R., Merritt, D.J., Stevens, J.C., Turner, S.R.,  Powles, S.B., and Dixon, K.W. 2010. Prior hydration of Brassica tournefortii seeds reduces the stimulatory effect of karrikinolide on germination and increases seed sensitivity to abscisic acid. Annals of Botany 105: 1063-1070.
Mashayekhi, K., Soltani, A., and Kamkar, B. 2006. The relationship between corm weight and total flower and leaf numbers in saffron. In proceedings 2nd International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology, 28-30th October 2006, Mashhad, Iran, p. 93-96.
Matthew, G., Blanchard, M., Erik, and Runkle, S. 2008. Benzyladenine Promotes Flowering in Doritaenopsis and Phalaenopsis orchids. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 27:141–150.
Molina, R.V., Valero, M., Navarro, Y., Guardiola J.L., and Garcia-Luice, A. 2005. Temperature effects on flower formation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Scientia Horticulturae 103: 361-379
Mortezainejzhad, F., and Etemadi, N. 2010. Effect of gibberellic acid on the quality of flowers and flowering Salvia (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Journal of New Agricultural Science 6 (18): 89- 96.  (In Persian).
Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., Boroumand Rezazadeh, Z., and Tabrizi, L. 2007. Effects of corm size and storage period on allocation of assimilates in different parts of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 5: 155-166. (In Persian with English Summary).
Omidbaigi, R. 2005. Effect of corms weight on quality of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources 4 (3): 193-194.
Perme, Z., Mohebi, R., Nabizade, A., and Hosseini, M.A. 2010. Export capacity and target bazaars of Iranian saffron. Journal of Stound Research of Economics 51: 59-95.
Renau-Morata, B., Nebauer, S.G., Sánchez, M., and Molina, R.V. 2012. Effect of corm size, water stress and cultivation conditions on photosynthesis and biomass partitioning during the vegetative growth of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Indian Crop Product 39: 40-46.
Sadeghi, B. 1996. effect of warehousing and planting dates on flowering corms of saffron. Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Khorasan Institute.
Setia, N., Sangeetha, R., Setia, R.C., and Malik, C.P. 1993. Alterations in growth and yield componse to foliar application of naphthyl acetic acid (NAA). Indian Journal Plant physiology 1: 47-52.
Sheibani, M., Nemati, S., Davarinejad, G., Azghandi, A., and Habashi, A. 2007. Induction of somatic embryogenesis in saffron using thidiazuron (TDZ). Acta Horticulturae 10 (20): 3564-3570.
Taiz, L., and Zeiger, E. 2010. Plant Physiology, Fifth edition. Translated by: Kafii, M., Zand, E., Kamkar, B., Abasi, F., Mahdavi, M. Publications University of Mashhad. p: 337, 347, 368, 381, 383.
Teixcia, D.S., and Jaime, A. 2003. The cut flower, postharvest condition. Biological Science Journal 3: 406-442.
Zaferanchi, S., Safari, M., Safari, V., and Mohamadinejad, G. 2011. The effect of plant growth regulators, naphthalene acetic acid and benzyl amino purine and performance characteristics of four genotypes of sesame. Journal of Crop Production in Environmental stress (2): 49-62.
زراعت و فناوری زعفران
دوره 6، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 19
فروردین 1397
صفحه 3-15
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار