با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشته علوم باغبانی، گرایش فیزیولوژی گیاهان دارویی، ادویه‏ای و عطری. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند

2 استادیار گروه آموزشی علوم باغبانی و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند.

3 مربی گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات اسید هیومیک و تراکم کاشت بر صفات رویشی و زایشی زعفران، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی، در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال زراعی 1395- 1394 اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل اسید هیومیک در چهار سطح (صفر، 5، 10 و 15 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و تراکم کاشت در سه سطح (50، 75 و 100 بنه در مترمربع) با سه تکرار بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اسید هیومیک اثر معنی‏داری بر صفات بنه (وزن کل بنه و وزن ‏تر و خشک بنه دختری) داشت، به ‏طوری‌که بیشترین وزن کل بنه (09/23 گرم در بوته) در نتیجه اعمال تیمار 5 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید هیومیک به دست آمد. همچنین، نتایج سال دوم آزمایش، نشان دهنده تاثیر معنی‏دار اسید هیومیک بر صفات گل (تعداد و عملکرد کل گل تر و عملکرد کلاله تر و خشک) بود، به طوری‌که بیشترین عملکرد کلاله تر و خشک (35/1 و23/0 گرم در مترمربع به ترتیب) در سطح 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید هیومیک حاصل شد، و کمترین مقدار این صفات در تیمار شاهد مشاهده گردید. تراکم کاشت نیز بر تعداد و عملکرد کل گل تر و عملکرد کلاله تر و خشک تاثیرگذار بود، به طوری‌که بیشترین میزان این صفات در تراکم 100 بنه در مترمربع حاصل شد. اثرات متقابل نشان داد، که سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک و تراکم کاشت تاثیر معنی‏داری بر متوسط طول و عملکرد کلاله تر در سال دوم داشت. بر اساس نتایج، می‏توان 5 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید هیومیک و تراکم 75 بنه در مترمربع را در افزایش ویژگی‏های عملکردی و رشدی زعفران در این آزمایش موثر دانست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of humic acid and corm density on saffron yield and yield components in the second year

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faride Ahmadi 1
  • Mohammad Hossein Aminifard 2
  • Mehdi Khayyat 2
  • Ali Reza Samadzade 3

1 MSc Student, Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Special Plants Regional Research centre, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran

3 Preceptor in Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand.

چکیده [English]

The effects of application of humic acid and planting density on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of saffron were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were four levels humic acid (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg.ha-1) and three density plantings (50, 75 and 100 corm.m-2). This experiment was carried out as a factorial based on randomized completely block design with three replications in the research farm of Birjand University, Iran, during the cropping year 2015-2016. The results showed that humic acid levels improved the corm vegetative indices (total weight of corm, fresh and dry weight of corm). The highest total weight of corm (23.09 g.plant-1) was obtained in with 5 kg.ha-1 humic acid. The results also showed that humic acid improved the saffron flower characteristics (flower number and fresh total yield, stigma fresh and dry yield) in the second year. The highest stigma fresh (1.35 g.m-2) and stigma dry (0.23 g.m-2) yield were obtained in plants treated with 10 kg.ha-1 humic acid while the lowest values were recorded in the control group. Application of different levels of planting density had a positive effect on flower number and fresh total yield, stigma fresh and dry yield in the second year of experiment. The highest of these characteristics were observed in planting density of 100 corm.m-2. Application of different levels of planting density and humic acid had a positive effect on the stigma length and stigma fresh yield. Thus, the results showed that 5 kg.ha-1 of humic acid and 75 corm.m-2 planting density have a significant impact on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of saffron.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • organic fertilizers
  • Plant spacing
  • Stigma yield
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