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نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

به منظور بررسی نقش کودهای زیستی، مواد سوپرجاذب و روش کاشت بر عملکرد گل و بنة زعفران در شرایط دیم، آزمایشی در سال‌های زراعی 94-1393 و 95-1394 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان به اجرا در آمد. در این مطالعه‌ عامل‌های کود زیستی نیتروکسین (مصرف 5 لیتر در هکتار و عدم مصرف)، پلیمر سوپرجاذب استاکوزورب (مصرف 240 کیلوگرم در هکتار و عدم مصرف) و روش کشت (خطی و کپه‌ای) مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد از نظر تعداد بنه در واحد سطح اثرات متقابل سه گانه در سال اول و دوم معنی‌دار بود و تیمار ترکیبیِ عدم مصرف نیتروکسین در کشت کپه‌ای همراه با مصرف سوپرجاذب درسال اول با 67/80 و در سال دوم با 67/183 بنه در متر مربع تیمار برتر بود. صفات تعداد گل و وزن کلاله تر و خشک در واحد سطح در هر دو سال اختلاف معنی‌دار آماری داشتند و در سال اول کشت کپه‌ای و مصرف سوپر جاذب و عدم مصرف نیتروکسین تیمار برتر بود؛ در حالیکه در سال دوم تیمار برتر کشت کپه‌ای با مصرف سوپرجاذب و نیتروکسین بود. از نظر عملکرد کلاله خشک زعفران در سال اول کشت کپه‌ای با مصرف سوپرجاذب و بدون کاربرد نیتروکسین با عملکرد حدود 6/0 کیلوگرم در هکتار و در سال دوم کشت کپه‌ای با مصرف نیتروکسین و سوپرجاذب با عملکرد 719/0 کیلوگرم در هکتار تیمارهای برتر بودند. بطورکلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که در دو سال اجرای آزمایش در شرایط دیم، کشت کپه‌ای با مصرف سوپرجاذب و مصرف نیتروکسین قابل توصیه است. دلایل توصیه و معرفی این روش کاشت، شرایط خشک و کمبود آب در منطقه و کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی در جهت حرکت به سوی کشاورزی پایدار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Nitroxin bio-fertilizer, superabsorbent polymer and planting method on yield of flower and corm of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in rainfed-farming condition of Khorramabad, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeid Heidari 1
  • Khosrow Azizi 2
  • Ahmad Ismaili 2

1 PhD student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University

چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of bio-fertilizers, planting method and superabsorbent polymer on quantitative yield of saffron under rainfed condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Khorramabad, Iran during 2015-2016 growing seasons. In this study, Nitroxin bio-fertilizer (consumption 5 Lit/ha and non-consumption), Stockosorb superabsorbent polymer (consumption 240 kg/ha and non-consumption) and planting method (streaking and cluster) was tested. Results showed that triple interactions was significant for number of corm/m2 in first and second year and combined treatment including non-Nitroxin in cluster culture method using superabsorbent with 80.67 corm/m2 for first year and with 183.67 corm/m2 for second year was the superior treatment. Results showed significant differences for number of produced flowers and for fresh and dry weight of stigma in both years; and in the first year, treatment included cluster method cultivation, consumption of superabsorbent and no consumption of Nitroxin was superior; while in the second year, superior treatment was use of superabsorbent, Nitroxin and cluster method. For stigma dry weight of saffron, triple interactions was significant and in the first year, cluster method and consumption of superabsorbent and no usage of Nitroxin was superior (with 0.6 kg/ha), and in the second year, use of Nitroxin and superabsorbent and cluster method was superior (with 0.719 kg/ha). In general, results of the present study in dry-farming conditions over the two years, cluster method cultivation with usage of superabsorbent and Nitroxin could be recommended. Reasons of this recommendation and introduction of the mentioned method are dry climate conditions in area of study and reduction in consumption of chemical fertilizers for development of sustainable agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Saffron
  • Stockosorb
  • Nitroxin
  • Planting method
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