با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به منظور مقایسه تأثیر روش­ها و سطوح آبیاری بر سطح برگ و تولید بنه دختری در گیاه زعفران آزمایشی در سال زراعی 93-1392 به­صورت اسپلیت­پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در منطقه جلگه­رخ تربت حیدریه اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل سه روش آبیاری (کرتی، قطره‌ای و بارانی) و عامل فرعی سه سطح آبیاری (100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی زعفران) بود. صفات مورد بررسی شامل وزن خشک، تعداد، قطر و طول برگ، وزن خشک، اندازه و تعداد بنه دختری و نیز وزن و طول غلاف بودند. نمونه­برداری­های آزمایش برای تعیین صفات برگ و غلاف در 10 اردیبهشت و برای تعیین صفات بنه در 10 خردادماه 93 انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد در تیمارهای روش آبیاری، بیشترین وزن خشک بنه، وزن برگ و غلاف، اندازه و تعداد بنه دختری، تعداد، قطر و طول برگ در روش آبیاری قطره‌ای مشاهده شد. همچنین بهترین عملکرد بنه نیز در روش آبیاری قطره‌ای و کمترین میزان این شاخص در روش آبیاری کرتی به­دست آمد، آبیاری زعفران به روش قطره‌ای باعث افزایش تعداد بنه­های دختری نسبت به دو روش بارانی و کرتی (به ترتیب 10 و 34 درصد) شد. اثر سطوح آبیاری نیز بر اغلب صفات مورد بررسی معنی­دار بود و بیشترین میزان عملکرد مربوط به سطح آبیاری 100 درصد و کمترین مقدار آن مربوط به تیمار تأمین 50 درصد نیاز آبی بود، کاهش آبیاری از سطح 100 به 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه، تعداد بنه­های دختری و وزن آ ن­ها را شدیداً کاهش داد (به ترتیب 62 و 86 درصد). در مجموع بیشترین سطح فتوسنتزی گیاه زعفران و نیز حداکثر تعداد کل و وزن کل بنه­های دختری در روش آبیاری قطره‌ای و در سطح تأمین 100 درصد نیاز آبی به­دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the effect of irrigation levels and methods on leaf area and replacement corm production of saffron (.Crocus sativus L)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Karimiferezgh 1
  • Mohammad Kafi 2
  • Ahmad Nezami 2

1 PhD student in Crop Physiology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

2

چکیده [English]

In order to compare the effect of irrigation levels and methods on leaf area and replacement corm production of saffron during 2013-2014 growing season, a split plot experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in the Jolgeh Rokh District, in 35 km Torbat Heydarie. The main plot basin irrigation, drip and sprinkler irrigation and sub plot was three levels of irrigation (100, 75 and 50 percent water requirement of saffron). The traits studied were including dry weight, number, diameter and length of leaf, dry weight, size and number of replacement corms, weight and length sheath. Sampling for determining the characteristics of leaf and sheath was done on April 30, and for corm it was done on May 31, 2014. The results showed that in the irrigation method treatments, the most dry weight of corm, leaf and sheath weight, size and number of replacement corm, number, diameter and length of leaf were observed in the case of drip irrigation. In addition, the best yield was observed in drip irrigation and the lowest amount was seen in basin irrigation. Saffron irrigation with the drip method resulted in an increase of the number of replacement corms compared to the sprinkler and basin methods (10 and 34 percent, respectively). The effect of irrigation levels was significant on some of the traits that were studied and the most yield was related to 100 percent irrigation level and the lowest one was in the 50 percent water requirement. Reducing irrigation from 100 to 50% crop water requirement severely reduced replacement corms number and their weight (62 and 86 percent, respectively). Consequently, the most photosynthesis level of Saffron and also the maximum amount of total number and total weight of replacement corms were obtained in the drip irrigation case and 100 percent irrigation level. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drip Irrigation
  • Sprinkler Irrigation
  • Basin irrigation
  • Corm
  • Water requirement
Abbasian, J. 2012. A study on optimum agroecological, physiological conditions to obtain maximum yield and flowering duration of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). National Conference on the Newest Scientific and Research Findings on Saffron. Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Iran. (In Persian).
Azizi-Zohan, A.A., Kamgar-Haghighi, A.A., and Sepaskhah, A.R. 2006. Effect of irrigation method and frequency on corm and saffron production (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 10 (1): 45-54. (In Persian with English Summary).
Fernandez, J.A. 2004. Biology, biotechnology and biomedicine of saffron. Recent Research Developments in Plant Science 2: 127–159.
Gholami-Turanposhti, M., Maghsoodi-moud, A.A., and Farahbakhsh, H. 2006. Effect of two levels of irrigation on water relations of three Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.). In: Proceeding of the 3th Conference of Irrigation management of water and soil. Kerman, Iran. pp.1780-1787. (In Persian).
Goliaris, A.H. 1999. Saffron cultivation in Greece. In: Neghbi, M., (Eds.), Saffron. Harwood Academic Publication. The Netherland. pp. 73-83.
Gresta, F., Lombardo, G.M., Siracusa, L., and Ruberto, G. 2008. Saffron, an alternative crop for sustainable agricultural systems. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 28: 95-112.
Hassani, A., and Omidbeigi, R. 2002. Effects of water stress on some morphophysiological, physiological and metabolism characteristics of basil. Agricultural Knowledge 12 (3): 47-59.
Jangir, R.P., and Sing,  R. 1996. Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on seed yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum). Indian Journal of Agronomy 41: 140-143.
Kafi, M., Rashed-Mohasel, M.H., Koocheki, A., and Mollafilabi, A. 2002. Saffron, Production and Processing. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Press. 276 pp. (In Persian).
Khazaei, M., Monfared, M., Kamgar Haghighi, A.A., and Sepaskhah, A.R. 2013. The trend of change for weight and number of saffron corms as affected by irrigation frequency and method in different years. Journal of Saffron Research 1 (1): 48-56. (In Persian with English Summary).
Koocheki, A., Ganjeali, A., and Abbassi, F. 2006. The effect of duration and condition of incubation, weight of mother corms and photoperiod on corm and shoot characteristics of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 5: 315-325. (In Persian).  
Koocheki, A., Seyyedi, S.M., and Jamshid-Eyni, M. 2014. Effect of irrigation levels and high corm density on growth and phosphorus uptake of daughter corms of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences 16 (3): 222-235. (In Persian).
Koocheki, A., Siahmarguee, A., Azizi, G., Jahani, M., and Alimiradi, L. 2009. The effect of plant density and depth on agronomic characteristic of saffron. 3rd International Symposium on Saffron. Forthcoming Challenges in Cultivation. Research and Economics. 20-23 May 2009, Korokos, Kozani, Greece.
Kumar, R., Virendra, S., Kiran, D., Sharma, M., Singh, M.K., and Ahuja, P.S. 2009. State of art of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) agronomy: A comprehensive review. Food Reviews International 25:44–85.
Mollafilabi, A., Davari, K., and Ghasemi, B. 2007. Comparison of the saffron crop irrigation (Crocus sativus L.). 3rd Medicinal plant Congress. pp. 225. (In Persian).  
Nasr Abadi, M., Arouei, H., Azizi, M., and Nemati, H. 2012. The effect of temperature and planting different patterns on replacment corm and leaf yield in three sizes of corm in Saffron Medicinal plant. National Conference on the Newest Scientific and Research Findings on Saffron. Torbat-e-Heydarieh, Iran. (In Persian).
Osborne, S.L., Scheppers, J.S., Francis, D.D., and Schlemmer, M.R. 2002. Use of spectral radiance to in season biomass and grain yield in nitrogen and water-stressed corn. Crop Science 42: 165-171.
Sepaskhah, A.R., and Kamgar-Haghighi, A.A. 2009. Saffron irrigation regime. International Journal of Plant Production 3 (1): 1-16.
Shirmohammadi, Z. 2002. Investigating the effects of irrigation method and water deficit on leaf area index, canopy temperature and yield of saffron .M.Sc Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shiraz, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary).
Surendra, S.R., Tomar, K.P., Gupta, K.P., Mohd, A., and Nigam, K.B. 1994. Effect of irrigation and fertility levels on growth and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum). Indian Journal of Agronomy 39: 442-447.
Torabi, M., and Sadeghi, B. 1994. Pattern of nutrient changes in leaf and corm of saffron during growth period. Abstract of the second National Symposium on saffron and Medicinal plants. 8-9 November 1994, Gonabad, Iran. (In Persian).
Yarami, N., Kamgar-Haghighi, A.A., and Sepaskhah, A.R., and Zand-Parsa, Sh. 2011. Determination of the potential evapotranspiration and crop efficient for saffron using a water-balance lysimeter. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 57 (7): 727-740.