زراعت و فناوری زعفران

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بررسی برخی پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیک سه توده بومی زعفران (.Crocus sativus L) ایران به تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر.

2 دانشجوی دکترای فیزیولوژی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.

3 دانشجوی دکترای زراعت دانشگاه زابل.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش شوری بر برخی رفتارهای فیزیولوژیکی گیاه زعفران، سه توده بومی جمع‌آوری‌شده از شهرستان‌های گناباد، فردوس و تربت‌حیدریه تحت اثر شوری آب آبیاری با مقادیر هدایت‌ الکتریکی5/0، 3، 6، 9 و 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر طی دو سال آزمایشی در زیر یک محافظ باران و در گلدان در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات شوری یزد انجام شد که سه سطح توده بومی و پنج سطح شوری در آن‌ها به‌صورت فاکتوریل توزیع شدند. پس از سبز شدن یکنواخت بنه‌ها، به‌تدریج و با فواصل زمانی هفتگی، آب‌شور با هدایت الکتریکی موردنظر برای آبیاری هر گلدان اضافه شد و کسر آبشویی 30 درصد برای کنترل شوری خاک اعمال گردید. نتایج نشان‌‌ داد که با افزایش میزان شوری، محتوی نسبی آب 26/6 درصد، وزن خشک اندام‌ هوایی 80/19 درصد، تعداد کل برگ 042/17 درصد، وزن خشک بنه 42/49 درصد، غلظت قندهای احیاکننده در بنه و برگ 36/43 و 72/23 درصد کاهش و میزان نشت یونی غشاء سلولی در بنه و برگ 34 و 27 درصد، غلظت یون سدیم 70 درصد، نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم 66/66 درصد و غلظت پرولین در برگ 88/2 برابر نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت، که در اکثر موارد این نوسانات با اعمال تنش 3 دسی زیمنس بر متر  آب آبیاری مشاهده می‌گردد. نتایج همچنین نشان‌ داد که توده بومی گناباد ازنظر صفات رشدی مثل تعداد کل برگ، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و تعداد کل بنه نسبت به دو توده دیگر برتری دارد اما ازنظر مقدار کلروفیل b، مجموع کلروفیل a و b، توده بومی فردوس از برتری نسبی برخوردار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The study of some physiological responses of three Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.) landraces to salinity stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Naghizadeh 1
  • Mahmood Gholami shabestari 2
  • Mohadeseh shamsaddin saied 3

1 Professor, Bardsir University of Kerman, Iran

2 PhD Student of Crop Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

3 PhD Student of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Iran.

چکیده [English]

In order to study some physiological responses of saffron under saline conditions, three landraces of saffron which were collected from Gonabad, Ferdows and Torbat-e-Heydarieh were compared under 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS/m electrical conductivity of saline water during two years under a rain shield in pots in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Center of Yazd which three levels of the landraces and five salinity levels were distributed as factorial. After uniform emerging of the buds, NaCl solutions with the above mentioned levels of salinity were used gradually for pots irrigation with 30% leaching fraction in order to control soil water salinity in desired levels. The results showed that with increasing salinity, relative water content 6.26%, dry weight 19.80%, the total number of leaves 17.042%, the dry weight of corm 49.42%, the concentration of sugars in the leaves and corms 43.36 and 23.72% were reduced and corms and leaves ion leakage 34 and 27%, sodium concentration70%, sodium to potassium ratio 66.66% and proline in leaves 2.88 times were increased that in most cases these fluctuations were observed in 3dS/m of irrigation water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biochemical characters
  • Corm
  • growth characteristics
  • Salinity soil
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زراعت و فناوری زعفران
دوره 2، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
شهریور 1393
صفحه 127-136
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