با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 استادیار گروه زیست فناوری موادغذایی، پژوهشکده فناوری های پیشرفته مواد غذایی، مؤسسه پژوهشی علوم و صنایع غذایی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

ارزیابی چرخه حیات (LCA) راهکاری شناخته شده و دقیق برای مقایسه اثرات زیست­محیطی فعالیت­های مختلف شامل مدیریت نظام­های کشاورزی است. از آنجا که نوع نهاده­هادر کشاورزی نقش مهمی در بروز آلودگی­های زیست­محیطی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه­ای دارد، LCA به طور گسترده­ای برای ارزیابی این اثرات در محصولات زراعی مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی اثرات زیست محیطی نظام­های تولید زعفران در استان خراسان رضوی تحت تأثیر اندازه زمین (کمتر از 5/0، 1-5/0 و بیشتر از 1 هکتار) با استفاده از LCA بود. نهاده­های مصرفی طی سال­های اول تا ششم با استفاده از پرسشنامه (13 مزرعه از هر اندازه زمین) جمع­آوری شد. LCA بر اساس روش ISO14044، در چهار گام شامل مشخص­سازی اهداف و حوزه عمل، ممیزی چرخه حیات، ارزیابی تأثیر چرخه حیات و تلفیق، نتیجه­گیری و تفسیر نتایج محاسبه گردید.واحد کارکردی معادل یک کیلوگرم گل در نظر گرفته شد. گروه­های تأثیرمورد مطالعه شامل گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی شدن و اوتریفیکاسیون (در محیط­های خشکی و آبی) بود. در آخرین مرحله، شاخص بوم­شناخت (Ecox) محاسبه شد. برای سنجش قابلیت روایی پرسشنامه، ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برابر با 84%=α محاسبه گردید. میانگین پتانسیل گروه­های تأثیر گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی شدن، اوتریفیکاسیون در محیط­های آبی و خشکی به ترتیب 41/53±41/115 کیلوگرم معادل CO2، 16/0±35/0 کیلوگرم معادل SO2، 27/0±58/0 کیلوگرم معادل NOx و 09/0±20/0 کیلوگرم معادل PO4 به ازای یک کیلوگرم گل محاسبه شد. بیشترین سهم انتشار گازهای گلخانه­ای در گروه تأثیر گرمایش جهانی مربوط به CH4 بود. بالاترین سهم انتشار آلاینده­ها در گروه­های تأثیر اوتریفیکاسیون آبی و خشکی و اسیدی شدن به NH3 اختصاص داشت. به­طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که اندازه زمین، میزان مصرف نهاده­ها و اثرات ­زیست محیطی را در واحد عملکرد گل تحت تأثیر قرارداد و گروه­های اوتریفیکاسیون و گرمایش جهانی حساسیت بیشتری نسبت به شدت فشرده­سازی تحت تأثیر اندازه زمین دارند، بنابراین افزایش کارایی مصرف منابع، یکی از رویکردهای مناسب برای کاهش اثرات زیست محیطی همگام با بهبود عملکرد اقتصادی در واحد سطح است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of environmental impacts of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) agroecosystems in the Khorasan province affected as field size by using life cycle assessment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soroor Khorramdel 1
  • Mahdi Nassiri Mahallati 2
  • Fatemeh Moallem Banhangi 3
  • Abdollah Mollafilabi 4

1 Associate Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

3 Ph.D. student, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

4 Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology

چکیده [English]

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a well-known and accurate methodology for comparison of environmental impacts of activities including different agricultural management systems. Since the used inputs have an important role in environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, LCA have been extensively applied for crop species. This study was conducted to assess the environmental impact of saffron production systems based on field area (<0.5, 0.5-1 and >1 ha) in the Khorasan-e Razavi province using LCA methodology. The amounts of utilized agricultural inputs from the first year to the sixth year were collected by means of a questionnaire (13 fields from each area). In this regard, four phases, which are goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpretation, were designed to assess life cycle index with ISO14044 procedure. Functional unit were considered as one kg of flower. Three main categories as impacts on environment including global warming, acidification and eutrophication (terrestrial and aquatic) were defined. Finally, an index -called environmental index (EcoX) was calculated. Cronbach's alpha was used assessing the reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that the Cronbach's alpha was computed with α=%84. The average values for global warming, acidification and eutrophication terrestrial and aquatic categories were calculated with115.41±53.41 kg CO2 equiv. / one kg flower yield, 0.35±0.16 kg SO2 equiv./ one kg flower yield, 0.58±0.27 kg NOx equiv./ one kg flower yield and 0.20±0.09 kg PO4 equiv./ one kg flower yield, respectively. The largest share of greenhouse gas emissions in the global warming category was related to CH4. The maximum emission of pollutants in acidification, eutrophication terrestrial and eutrophication aquatic categories was related to NH3. The results revealed that, field area affected the amounts of utilized agricultural inputs and environmental impacts as flower yield. Eutrophication and climate change categories had more sensitivity and affected as intensification based on field area. Therefore, one of the appropriate approaches to mitigate and decline the environmental impacts of agricultural production is achieving higher economical yield per unit of area by increasing resource use efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Greenhouse gas emissions
  • Intensification
  • Life Cycle Assessment
  • Resource use efficiency
  • Climate change
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