با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

4 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

زعفران گران­ترین محصول کشاورزی جهان می­باشد و ایران بزرگترین تولیدکننده زعفران در جهان است، آلوده­شدن زعفران در مراحل مختلف فرایند تولید، علاوه بر کاهش کیفیت منجر به کاهش اعتبار در بازار جهانی و صادرات می­شود. لذا انتخاب یک روش مناسب جهت غیرفعال­سازی فلور میکروبی زعفران ضرورت دارد. در بین روش­های مختلفی که برای غیرفعال کردن میکروب­ها استفاده می­شوند، پلاسمای سرد به علت وجود مزایای بالقوه بی­شمار از قبیل طبیعت غیرسمی، هزینه­های عملیاتی پایین، کاهش قابل توجه مصرف آب طی فرایند­های ضد عفونی، و امکان کاربرد آن برای محصولات غذایی متنوع، توجه زیادی را به خود جلب کرده است. پلاسما حالتی از گاز یونیزه شده شامل یون­ها، الکترون، اشعه ماورابنفش و گونه­های واکنش مانند رادیکال­ها، اتم­ها و مولکول­های بر انگیخته است که قادر به غیرفعال­سازی میکروارگانیسم­ها می­باشد. در این پژوهش پلاسمای سرد با استفاده از دو نوع گاز شامل نیتروژن و هوا تولید و اثر تابش پلاسما در مدت زمان های صفر، 3، 6، 9 و 12 دقیقه بر ویژگی­های شیمیایی و میکروبی (باکتری اشرشیاکلی، انتروکوکوس فکالیس، کپک و مخمر) زعفران بررسی گردید. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد اثر میکروب کشی پلاسمای نیتروژن نسبت به پلاسما هوا کمتر بوده و با افزایش زمان تابش پلاسما میزان غیرفعال سازی میکروارگانیسم­ها افزایش یافت. حداکثر کاهش بار میکروبی در زمان 12 دقیقه در ولتاژ 18 کیلوولت مشاهده شد و جمعیت باکتری اشرشیاکلی، انتروکوکوس فکالیس، کپک و مخمر به ترتیب به میزان 2/69، 2/48، 1/95 سیکل لگاریتمی کاهش یافت. نتایج همچنین نشان داد که افزایش زمان تابش پلاسما، میزان کروسین، پیکروکروسین و سافرانال را به طور معنی­دار (0/50˂p)  کاهش داد. میزان کاهش کروسین، سافرانال و پیکروکروسین در زمان 12 دقیقه به ترتیب 6/01، 4/04، 5/44 درصد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Cold plasma on microbial and chemical properties of Saffron

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Akbarian 1
  • Fakhri Shahidi 2
  • Mohammad Javad Varidi 3
  • Arash Koocheki 2
  • sahar roshanak 4

1 MSc Student, Department of Food Science & Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Food Science & Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Associate Professor,Department of Food Science & Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

4 Ph.D Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Saffron is the most expensive agricultural product in the world and Iran is the largest saffron producer in the world. Saffron contamination in different stages of the production process, in addition to quality loss leads to reducing credit in the global market and exporting. Therefore, it is necessary to select an appropriate method for inactivation the microbial flora of saffron. Among the common methods that used to inactivation the microorganisms, cold plasma is due to the potential benefits such as non-toxic nature, low operational costs, and a significant reduction in water consumption during decontamination, and the possibility of its use for a variety of food products has attracted much attention. Plasma is a state of ionizing gas, including ions, electrons, ultraviolet rays, and reactive species such as radicals, atoms and molecules that can ignite, which can inactivate microorganisms. in this research, cold plasma was produced using two types of gas including nitrogen and air, and the effect of plasma radiation at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 minutes on the chemical and microbial (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Mold and Yeast) properties of saffron were investigated. The results of this study showed that germicidal effect of nitrogen plasma was lower than air plasma and the plasma exposure time had a significant effect on reduction of microbial load and by increasing the time of plasma exposure, the inactivation of microorganisms increased. The maximum microbial reduction was observed in 12 minutes. Maximum reduction in microbial load was observed at 12 minutes and 18 kilovolt voltage, which reduced the population of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, mold and yeast by 2/69, 2/48, 1/95 log cycle respectively, However, with increasing radiation time, the amount of crocin, picocrocin and safranal decreased (p˂0.05). Reduction of crocin, safranal and picocrocin in 12 minutes was 6/01, 4/04, 5/44%, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Microbial contamination of saffron
  • cold plasma
  • picocrocin
  • safranal
  • crocin
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