Saffron Agronomy and Technology

Abstract Innovation is the cornerstone of economic development and the essential pathway for business advancement. This concept encompasses the generation of novel ideas that can be applied to address new and fundamental challenges. In fact, innovation has led to increased productivity and profitability, access to new markets and improvement of existing markets. Therefore, for the success of their operations, businesses must turn to different forms of innovation, therefore, considering the need to increase the performance of the saffron industry, one of the basic solutions is to identify the existing innovations of this industry. In this regard, this study has identified innovations in the saffron processing industries of Khorasan Razavi Province. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method, and is based on a mixed research approach (qualitative and quantitative). The study population consisted of saffron industry experts in 2024, who were selected using the snowball sampling method. Data analysis and the application of the Fuzzy Delphi method were carried out using SPSS and Excel software. The results of the Pentagonal Fuzzy Delphi method showed that 16 of the 25 identified innovations were innovations in the saffron processing industry. Also, the results showed that the development of a new processed saffron product, fundamental changes in technology at the macro and national level, improvement of the current saffron product and new methods in the production method were among the most important innovations identified. According to the findings of this research, it is suggested that saffron processing industries pay attention to the development of new processed products such as saffron beverages and teas to increase their global market share while creating added value. Also, cooperation between the government and the private sector to facilitate access to modern technologies and the use of advanced automation systems in production processes will help improve quality and reduce costs. Ultimately, using innovative methods in digital production and branding can help strengthen competitiveness and increase exports of this product.

Abstract The development of effective innovations in businesses is recognized as a fundamental challenge due to the high level of uncertainty and complexities involved. Rapid technological advancements and the necessity for innovation have led to widespread changes in businesses globally. Agricultural businesses, especially in production, processing, packaging, distribution, and marketing sectors, connect various components of the value chain. Within this context, the saffron industry, with its unique characteristics, plays a crucial role in this process. Several factors influence the success or failure of saffron industry businesses, and among these, innovation is seen as the main pillar of economic and strategic development for enhancing saffron industry businesses. This study examines the role of innovation in the development of saffron processing and transformation businesses in Khorasan Razavi province. The study's population consists of saffron processing companies in Khorasan Razavi, with a sample of 120 companies selected using stratified random sampling, analyzed in 2024. The results of structural equation modeling showed that technological innovation positively impacts product, process, and market innovation. Additionally, the positive effect of research and development innovation on product, process, organizational, and market innovation was confirmed. Ultimately, it was concluded that product and process innovation have a positive effect on the development of saffron processing and transformation businesses. Accordingly, it is suggested that companies produce innovative products with high added value by utilizing localized technologies such as solar dryers and developing research collaborations with regional universities. Also, strengthening smart packaging and digital marketing infrastructure can pave the way for sustainable and export-oriented development of these businesses.