با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

2 استاد، گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

3 علوم کشاورزی- دانشگاه پیام نور استان یزد

چکیده

به منظور بررسی رفتار رقابتی بین بنه‌های زعفران، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در یک مزرعه تحقیقاتی واقع در بخش چرخاب از توابع استان یزد طی سه سال به اجرا درآمد. کرت‌های اصلی شامل سه سطح آبیاری (100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی) و کرت‌های فرعی شامل شاهد، 10 تن در هکتار کود دامی و یا 10 تن ورمی‌کمپوست به صورت توزیع روی سطح خاک، 5 ویا 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست در زیر ردیف‌های کاشت، 10 لیتر در هکتار هیومستر سفرون در یک نوبت و در دو نوبت پس از گلدهی بود. نتایج نشان داد که تحت شرایط تنش ملایم، تعداد کل بنه و وزن کل بنه‌ها در هر بوته نسبت به تیمار شاهد، به ترتیب بیش از 30% و 17% کاهش یافت. اما متوسط وزن کل بنه 12% افزایش یافت. در تنش شدید خشکی، وزن کل بنه موثر و تعداد بنه موثر بیش از 50% نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. طی سه سال آزمایش، تعداد کل بنه موثر، وزن کل بنه موثر، تعداد کل بنه و وزن کل بنه به ترتیب 189%، 205%، 470% و 263% افزایش یافت. درحالیکه متوسط وزن کل بنه و نسبت وزنی و عددی بنه‌های موثر به کل بنه‌ها به ترتیب 38%، 17% و 48% کاهش یافت. در مجموع، افزایش مطلق وزن بنه‌ها در هر سال، ناشی از افزایش تعداد بنه بود ولی نسبت بنه‌های درشت به بنه‌های ریز، به دلیل رقابت بین بنه‌ها، هر ساله کاهش یافت. زعفران در شرایط تنش ملایم سعی در افزایش وزن بنه در مقایسه با تعداد بنه دارد و در شرایط تنش شدید خشکی، گیاه زعفران، بیشتر سعی می‌کند مواد فتوسنتزی بین تعداد بنه بیشتری توزیع شده و تعداد بنه را افزایش می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study the intercrop competition in assimilate allocation among saffron corms (Crocus sativus L.) under different irrigation and organic fertilizer levels

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Gholami 1
  • Mohammad Kafi 2
  • Hamid reza Khazaie 2
  • Hossein Abarghouei 3

1 Assistant professor of plant production and genetic engineering department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Payam-e-Nour University

چکیده [English]

In order to study competition response among saffron corms, a split plot experiment was conducted on the basis of complete randomized block design with three replications in a field in Ashkezar city of Yazd province for 3 years. The main plots were irrigation with three levels (100%, 75% and 50% of ETc) and the sub plots were fertilization management methods including control (without any fertilizer or manure), applying 10 t ha-1 cow manure, 10 t ha-1 vermicompost both by spreading, 10 t ha-1 or 5 t ha-1vermicompost buried under planting corm rows, 10 l ha-1 Humaster Saffron fertilizer for 1 or 2 times after flowering during irrigation. Results showed that under moderate water stress in comparison with control, total corm number and total corm weight per plant was declined more than 30% and 17% respectively. But average corm weight was enhanced by 12%. Total effective corm weight and total effective corm number were declined more than 50% under strict water stress in comparison with control. During 3 experimental years, total effective corm number, total effective corm weight, total corm number and total corm weight were increased by 189%, 205%, 470% and 263% respectively while average corm weight, effective corm weight ratio and effective corm number ratio were declined by 38%, 17% and 48% respectively. In summary, results showed that increasing in corm weight per plants during experimental years were mostly as a result of increasing in corm numbers. Although, big corms per small corms were decreased year by year as a result of competition among corms. Under moderate stress water, saffron plant grew up each corm weight in comparison with increasing corm number per plant while under strict water stress allocated assimilates among more corms and increases corm numbers per plant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • threshold capacity of corm
  • environmental capacity of corm
  • effective corm weight ratio
  • effective corm number ratio
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