با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و مهندسی آب-آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

3 پژوهشگر پسادکتری علوم و مهندسی آب-آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

4 استاد، گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

زعفران یکی از ارزشمندترین ادویه‌های جهان به شمار می‌آید و باتوجه به ارزش اقتصادی بالا و نیاز آبی پایین، کشت آن در شرق ایران از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. در این پژوهش که در سال زراعی 1401-1400در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد صورت گرفت، مدل اکواکراپ جهت شبیه‌سازی عملکرد گیاه زعفران با استفاده از اندازه‌گیری‌های میدانی واسنجی و صحت‌سنجی شد. بدین منظور رطوبت خاک، زیست‌توده و سطح سایه‌انداز گیاه با تفکیک زمانی نسبتا بالا در طول فصل رشد اندازه‌گیری گردید. مقدار ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، میانگین ریشه مربعات خطا، شاخص توافق ویلموت و ضریب کارایی نش - ساتکلیف برای شبیه‌سازی رطوبت به ترتیب 87/0، 8/7 میلی‌متر،92/0 و 62/0 ، برای زیست‌توده گیاه 99/0، 3/0 تن برهکتار، 99/0 و 98/0 و همچنین برای سطح سایه‌انداز گیاه 98/0 ،5 درصد، 98/0 و 93/0 به دست آمد. بازه‌های حساس گیاه زعفران از طریق بررسی تغییرات وزن بنه دختری ، زیست‌توده و بهره‌وری آب در طول مراحل مختلف رشد نسبت به تنش آبی تعیین و یک سناریوی اصلاح‌شده جهت بهبود وضعیت آبیاری مزرعه پیشنهاد گردید. با اعمال این سناریو و اجرای مدل، مقدار وزن بنه دختری از 550/5 به 693/7 تن بر هکتار و زیست توده از 204/7 به 395/9 تن بر هکتار افزایش یافت. مقدار بهره‌وری آب نیز از 50/3 به 69/3 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب رسید و 85 میلی‌متر آب صرفه‌جویی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving saffron irrigation scheduling using field measurements and plant modeling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Akbari 1
  • Alinaghi Ziaei 2
  • Seyed Mohammadreza Naghedifar 3
  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam 4
  • Mahdi Gholami Sharafkhane 1

1 MSc. Student of Water Engineering – Irrigarion and Drainage, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM), Mashhad, Iran.

2 Associate Prof, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM), Mashhad, Iran.

3 Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM), Mashhad, Iran.

4 Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Saffron is one of the most valuable spices in the world and due to its high economic value and low water requirement, it is widely cultivated in eastern Iran. In this research, which took place in the research farm of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2021-2022, the AquaCrop model to simulate the yield of the saffron plant was calibrated and validated using field measurements. Therefore, soil moisture, biomass, and plant canopy cover area were measured with a relatively high time resolution during the growing season. Pearson's correlation coefficient, root mean square, error, index of agreement and Nash–Sutcliffe index for moisture simulation were 0.87, 7.8 mm, 0.92 and 0.62 respectively, plant biomass was 0.99, 0.3 t.ha-1, 0.99, 0.98 and also 0.98 , 5%, 0.98 and 0.93 were obtained for canopy cover . The sensitive stages of the saffron plant were determined by examining the changes in daughter corms weight, biomass, and water productivity during different stages of growth in response to water stress, and a revised scenario was proposed to improve field irrigation. By applying this scenario and running the model, the amount of daughter corms weight production increased from 5.550 to 7.693 t.ha-1 and biomass from 7.204 to 9.395 t.ha-1. The water productivity value also increased from 3.50 to 3.69 kg.m-3 and 85 mm was saved in water consumption.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aqua crop
  • Moisture
  • Biomass
  • Canopy cover
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