اثرات دگرآسیبی و ضد قارچی عصاره آبی اندام های زعفران (Crocus sativus) بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاه‌چه خاکشیر تلخ (Sisymbrium irio) و رشد قارچ فوزاریوم (Fusarium solani)

توکلی, زهرا; جهانی, مهدی; حمامی, حسین

doi:10.22048/jsat.2023.409228.1499

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیماری‌های گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند

² دانشیار گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند

³ استادیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند

https://doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2023.409228.1499

چکیده

با هدف ارزیابی خاصیت دگرآسیبی و قارچ‌کشی عصاره برگ و بنه زعفران بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و رشدی علف‌هرز خاکشیر تلخ و قارچ فوزاریوم سولانی آزمایش‌های مستقل به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا ًتصادفی با چهار تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال 1401 انجام شد. عامل اول آزمایش دگرآسیبی شامل دو نوع اندام زعفران (برگ و بنه) و عامل دوم هفت غلظت عصاره (صفر، 25/0، 5/0، 1، 5/1، 2 و 4 درصد وزنی- حجمی) بودند. عامل اول آزمایش ضدقارچی شامل دو نوع اندام زعفران (برگ و بنه) و عامل دوم شامل هفت غلظت عصاره (صفر، 0312/0، 625/0، 125/0، 25/0، 5/0 و 1 وزنی-حجمی) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که نوع عصاره بر درصد جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، میانگین زمان جوانه‌زنی، طول و وزن ریشه‌چه، طول و وزن ساقه‌چه و وزن و بنیه گیاه‌چه خاکشیر تلخ معنی‌دار بود و عصاره بنه دارای آثار منفی بیشتری نسبت به عصاره برگ بود. با ‌افزایش غلظت عصاره، اثر بخشی آن نیز بیشتر شد به‌طوری‌که افزایش غلظت عصاره به چهار درصد سبب کاهش معنی‌دار طول و وزن ریشه‌چه، طول و وزن ساقه‌چه، وزن و بنیه گیاه‌چه خاکشیر تلخ شد. نتایج اثر متقابل نشان داد که کم‌ترین درصد جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، طول و وزن تر ریشه‌چه، وزن تر و خشک ساقه‌چه و وزن خشک گیاه‌چه خاکشیر تلخ از غلظت چهار درصد عصاره بنه مشاهده شد. نتایج اثر متقابل نوع عصاره در غلظت عصاره بر قطر کلونی قارچ فوزاریوم سولانی نشان داد که تمام غلظت‌های مورد استفاده برای عصاره بنه مانع از رشد قارچ فوزاریوم در هر چهار مرحله نمونه‌برداری شدند. در عصاره برگ، غلظت‌های 125/0، 25/0، 5/0 و 1 درصد به‌طور کامل مانع رشد قارچ فوزاریوم در هر چهار مرحله نمونه‌برداری شدند. در نهایت نتایج این آزمایش‌ها نشان داد که اثر ضدقارچی و هم‌چنین اثر ممانعت کنندگی از جوانه‌زنی و رشد خاکشیر تلخ در عصاره بنه زعفران بیش‌تر از عصاره برگ است. لذا با در نظر گرفتن نتایج این تحقیق و انجام پژوهش‌های بیش‌تر و کامل‌تر در زمینه اثر قارچ‌کشی و دگرآسیبی عصاره اندام‌های زعفران می‌توان جهت تولید قارچ‌کش و علف‌کش طبیعی به این عصاره ها توجه بیشتری نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

کشاورزی و علوم پایه

عنوان مقاله [English]

Allelopathic and Antifungal Effects of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Aqueous Extract on Germination and Seedling Growth of London rocket (Sisymbrium irio) and Fusarium solani

نویسندگان [English]

zahra Tavakoli ¹
Mehdi Jahani ²
Hossein Hammami ³

¹ MSc Department of plant pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

² Associate Professor, Department of plant pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

To evaluate the allelopathic and fungicidal effect of saffron leaf and corm aqueous extracts on the germination and growth characteristics of London rocket (Sisymbrium irio) and Fusarium solani, independent experiments were conducted as factorial arrangement based on the completely randomized design with four replications at the Faculty of Agriculture of Birjand University in 2022. Treatments to test the inhibitory effect of saffron extract on London rocket seed germination characteristics including two types of saffron organs (leaf and corm) and seven extract concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 w/v %). Experimental treatments to investigate the inhibitory effect of saffron extract on the growth of Fusarium solani fungus including two types of saffron organs (leaf and corm) and seven extract concentrations (0, 1, 0.5, 25. 0, 0.125, 0.625, and 0.0312 w/v %). The results showed that the type of extract has an effect on the germination percentage, germination rate, mean germination time, length and fresh and dry weight of radicle, the length, fresh and dry weight of the plumule, seedling dry weight, and the seedling vigor of London rocket were significant, and the corm extract had more negative effects compared to the leaf extract. As the extract concentration increased, its inhibitory effect also increased. The extract concentration of 4% significantly reduced the radicle length and fresh and dry weight, the plumule length and fresh and dry weight, seedling dry weight, and seedling vigor of London rocket compared to the control. The results of the interaction showed that the lowest percentage of germination, germination rate, radicle length and fresh and dry weight, plumule fresh and dry weight and seedling dry weight of london rocket were observed at the concentration of 4 % corm extract. The results of the interaction effect of extract type and extract concentrations on Fusarium solani colony diameter showed that all the concentrations of corm extract inhibited the growth of Fusarium solani in all four stages of sampling. In leaf extract, concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% completely inhibited the growth of Fusarium solani in all four stages of sampling. Finally, the results of these experiments showed that the effect of inhibiting the germination and growth of london rocket as well as the antifungal effect is greater in saffron corm extract than the leaf extract. Therefore, considering the results of this research and conducting more research in the field of allelopathic and fungicidal effects of saffron organ extracts, we can proceed to produce natural herbicides and fungicides.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Aqueous Extract
Biological Control
Fungi
Germination
Weed

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زراعت و فناوری زعفران

اثرات دگرآسیبی و ضد قارچی عصاره آبی اندام های زعفران (Crocus sativus) بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاه‌چه خاکشیر تلخ (Sisymbrium irio) و رشد قارچ فوزاریوم (Fusarium solani)

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 40
مهر 1402
صفحه 321-341

اثرات دگرآسیبی و ضد قارچی عصاره آبی اندام های زعفران (Crocus sativus) بر خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاه‌چه خاکشیر تلخ (Sisymbrium irio) و رشد قارچ فوزاریوم (Fusarium solani)

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 40مهر 1402صفحه 321-341

دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 40
مهر 1402
صفحه 321-341