Agriculture
Surur Khorramdel; Fatemeh Moallem Banhangi; Javad Shabahang
Abstract
Optimization is one management approach to improve yield and resource efficiencies and decrease environmental pollutions in saffron agroecosystems. Response- surface methodology (RSM) is defined as a set of statistical techniques that are used to optimize a product. In this work, optimization of cow ...
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Optimization is one management approach to improve yield and resource efficiencies and decrease environmental pollutions in saffron agroecosystems. Response- surface methodology (RSM) is defined as a set of statistical techniques that are used to optimize a product. In this work, optimization of cow manure and leaf spraying with Dalfard on saffron using RSM was done. An experiment was conducted using central composite design with 13 treatments and two replications at the Agricultural Research Field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during two growing seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. The treatments were allocated based on low and high levels of cow manure (0 and 100 t.ha-1, respectively) and leaf spraying concentration with Dalfard ® (0 and 10 ppm, respectively). Flower yield, daughter corm yield and quality criteria were calculated as dependent variables and changes of these variables were evaluated by a regression model. Lack-of-fit test was used to evaluate the quality of the fitted model. The adequacy of the model was tested by analysis of variance. The quality of the fitted models was judged using the determination coefficient (R2). Finally, the optimum levels of cow manure and leaf spraying concentration were calculated based on economic scenario. The results showed that effect of linear component was significant on quality characteristics of stigma. Effect of square component was significant on dried weight of stigma, mean diameter of daughter corm, number of daughter corms per m2, mean weight of daughter corm and crocin content. Interaction effect of full quadratic component was significant on flower yield criteria. Lack of fit test had no significant effect on the studied traits that represent the full square model was satisfactorily explained. The maximum observed value for number of daughter corms was recorded for 50 t cow manure per ha+ no leaf spraying (with 41.38 corms.m-2). The highest observed value for dried stigma yield was related to 100 t cow manure per ha+ no leaf spraying (with 156.33 mg.m-2). The maximum observed amounts for quality criteria such as picrocrocin, crocin and safranal were calculated for 100 t cow manure per ha+ 10 ppm leaf spraying (with 89.91 E1%257, 180.98 E1%440 and 40.15 E1%330, respectively). Dried weight of stigma, number of daughter corms and crocin content were considered in economic scenario, so the estimated levels for cow manure and Dalfard concentration were 92.67 t/ha and 1.2 ppm, respectively. In general, it seems that resource use optimization based on Response- surface methodology may be suitable cropping approach for sustainable production and improvement of yield flower, corm yield and quality characteristics in saffron.
Fatemeh Parsapour; Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam; Surur Khorramdel
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) is defined as a set of mathematical and statistical techniques that are used to optimize yield of a product. In order to study the effects of urban waste compost and corm rates on flower yield of saffron using RSM, an experiment was conducted at the Research Field of ...
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Response surface methodology (RSM) is defined as a set of mathematical and statistical techniques that are used to optimize yield of a product. In order to study the effects of urban waste compost and corm rates on flower yield of saffron using RSM, an experiment was conducted at the Research Field of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran during the growing season of 2017-2018. The treatments were determined based on low and high levels of urban waste compost (0 and 20 t.ha-1, respectively) and corm weight (5 and 15 t.ha-1, respectively). These were computed by using Minitab V. 17. Dry weight of stigma, dry weight of style, fresh weight of flower, flower number, corm number, dry weight of corm, and number of buds per corm were calculated as dependent variables and changes of these variables were evaluated by using a regression model. Lack-of-fit test was used to evaluate the quality of the fitted model. The adequacy of the model was tested by analysis of variance. In general, the full quadratic polynomial equation was tested to determine significance of the model and the components (such as linear, squared and first-order interaction terms). The quality of the fitted model was judged using the determination coefficient (R2). The results show that the effect of linear component on all traits studied except fresh weight of flower, dry weight of corm 0-4g, and number of buds per corm 0-4 and 8-4 grams were significant. The effect of total grade two had a significant effect on the traits of flower number, fresh weight of flower, dry weight of stigma, dry weight of style, number of daughter corms per 0-4, 4-8 and >8 grams, dry weight of corm per 4-8 and >8 grams and number of buds per >8 grams was significant. Also, the interaction effect of two factors of urban waste compost and weight corm on the number of flowers, fresh weight of flower, dry weight of stigma, dry weight of style, number of daughter corms per 4-8 and >8 grams, dry weight of corm 4-8 and >8 grams, and number of buds per corm >8 grams were significant. Lack of fit test had no significant effect on the studied traits. The full square model for the response variables gave insignificant lack-of-fit indicating that the data of experiment were satisfactorily explained. The highest flower number, fresh weight of flower, stigma dry weight and style dry weight were observed for 5 t.ha-1 corm+ 20 t.ha-1 compost. Optimum of corm weight and urban waste compost and desirability for the traits related to flower and corm with 5 t.ha-1, 20 t.ha-1and d = 0.92 were urban waste compost with 12 t.ha-1, 20 t.ha-1and d = 0.95, respectively. Based on the results, municipal waste compost and corm weight had a positive effect on most of the studied traits.
