Document Type : Research Paper
Author
Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Torbat-e Heydariyeh, Torbat-e Heydariyeh
Abstract
In this study, dispersive liquid- liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop- UV- Vis spectrophotometry is used for the extraction and determination of cadmium in saffron samples. Ethanol as the disperser solvent, 1- undecanol as the extractant solvent and acetone as dilution solvent were used. The studies showed that the type and volume of disperser solvent, extractant solvent and dilution solvent has a significant effect in the extraction efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, detection limit of 0.0005 μg.mL-1 was obtained. The procedure was applied to saffron samples of Torbate heydariyeh, Ghaenat and Bakharz and the recovery percent for the saffron samples contaminated with 0.1 μg/mL of cadmium was obtained.
Main Subjects
- Dabiri, M. 1375. Environmental pollution (air, soil, water, noise). Tehran: Alliance Publishing 58-160.
- Ballantyne, B., Marrs T.C., and Syverson T. 1994. General applied toxicology. Second edition. New York, Groves Dictionaries inc 210-212.
- Shuklasr, p. 2005. Adsorption of Cu, Ni, and Zn on modified jute fibers. Bioresource Technology 6: 1430-38.
- Lie, G.C., Lin, H.T., and Lai, C.S. 1990. Investigation of the heavy metal content in soil and rice at the fields irrigated by the waste water of cadmium stearate manufactory. Proceeding of the 2nd Workshop of Soil Pollution Prevention; National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Fu, J., Zhou, Q., Liu, J., Liu, W., Wang, T., and Zhang, Q. 2008. High levels of heavy metals in rice from a typical e-Waste recycling area in southeast China and its potential risk to human health. Chemosphere 71: 1269-75.
- Zazouli, M.A., Bandpei, A.M., Maleki, A., Saberian, M., and Izanloo, H. 2010. Determination of cadmium and lead contents in black tea and tea liquor from Iran. Asia Journal of Chemistry 22(2): 1387-93.
- Feriberg, L., Nordbery, G.F and Wouk, V.B. 1986. Hand book on toxicology of metal. Amsterdam: Elsevier 2: 130- 184, 158- 210, 298- 354.
- Gilman, A.G., Goodman, L.S., and Rall, TW. 1980. Heavy metal and heavy metal antagonist. In the pharmacology basic of theraputics. 7th edition. Mamilan 2: 1605-1625.
- Rios, JL., Recio, M.C., Giner, R.M., and Manez, S. 1996. An update review of saffron and its active constituents. Phytotherapy Research 10: 189- 93.
- Karimi, G., Hosseinzadeh, H., and Khaleghpanah P. 2001. Study of antidepressant effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus in mice. Irn. J. Basic Medical Science 4: 11-15.
- Hosseinzadeh, H., and Younesi, H. 2002. Petal and stigma extracts of Crocus sativus L. have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice. BMC Pharmacology 2-7.
- Harak T., Kellner V., Ulk, J., Jurkova, M., and ejka, P. 2007. Determination of Some Beer Flavors by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction and Solvent Back Extraction, Journal of the Institute of brewing 113 (2): 154-158.
- Lord, H., and Pawliszyn, J. 2000. Evolution of Solid Phase Microextraction Thechnology, Journal of Chromatography 855: 153- 193.
- Pawliszyn, J., 2003. Sample Preparation Quo Vadis, Analytical Chemistry 75: 2543.
- Belord, R.G. and Pawliszyn, J.1989. The Application of Chemically Modified Fused Silica Fibers in the Extraction of Organics from Water Matrix Samples and Their Rapid Transfer to Capillary Columns, Water Pollutant Research Journal Canadian 24: 179- 189.
- Arthur, L.C., and Pawliszyn, J. 1990. Solid Phase Microextraction with Thermal Desorption Using Fused Silica Optical Fibers, Analytical Chemistry 69: 2145.
- Rezaei, M., Assadi, Y., Milani Hosseini, M.R., Aghaee, E., Ahmadi, F and Berijani, S. 2006. Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, Journal of Chromatography 1116: 1-9.
- Mirzaei, M., Behzadi, M., Mahmoud Abadi, N., and Beizaei, A. 2011. Simultaneous separation/preconcentration of ultra-trace heavy metals in industrial wastewaters by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop prior to determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Journal of Hazardous Materials 186: 1739-1743.
- Dadfarnia, S., Haji Shabani A.M and E. Kamranzadeh. 2009. Separation/preconcentration and determination of cadmium ions by solidification of floating organic drop microextraction and FI-AAS,Talanta Journal 79: 1061-1065.
- Dadfarnia, S., Salmanzadeh, A.M and Hajishabani A. M. 2008. A novel separation/preconcentration system based on solidification of floating organic drop microextraction for determination of lead by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, Analytica Chimica Acta 623: 163-167.
- Metwanki, M.B., Hsu, W., and Huang, S. 2005. Determination of Clentuterol in Urine Using Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction or Liquid- Liquid- Liquid Microextraction, Analytica Chimica Acta 552: 67.
- Zhao, H., Xia, S.Q., and Ma, P.S. 2005. Use of ionic liquids as green solvents for extractions. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnology 80: 1089- 1996.
)