Saffron Agronomy and Technology

In collaboration Iranian Medicinal Plants Society

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Journal Forms

Guide for Authors

The possibility of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure in saffron cultivation at different levels of corm density under Northern Khorasan climatic conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

3 PhD Student, Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Abstract

Due to climate change it seems that the suitable area for production of saffron is shifting towards the Northern area of Khorasan. On the other hand, corm density and nutrient management are important factors in saffron production. To find out the credibility of this assumption, an experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete blocks design arranged in split plot with three replications in a field located 10 km of Shirvan during the 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 growing seasons. Corm density (50, 100 and 150 corm.m-2) and different amounts of chemical and organic manure [No fertilizer (Control), amount of urea, triple super phosphate and potassium sulfate 100, 100, 50 (C1), 200, 200, 100 (C2) and 300, 300, 150 (C3), cow manure consumption based on 100 kg.ha-1 urea (3066 kg.ha-1), based on 200 kg.ha-1 urea (6132 kg.ha-1) and based on 300 kg.ha-1 urea (9198 kg.ha-1)] were allocated to the main and sub-plots, respectively. Three year average of harvest showed that flower and corm traits improved with increasing corm density and cow manure consumption, while the highest density compared to minimum density caused increasing flower number, fresh flower yield, dried stigma yield, daughter corm number and corm yield by 35, 61, 29, 180 and 122 percent, respectively. Also the highest amount of cow manure compared to control increased flower number, fresh flower yield, dried stigma yield and corm yield by 32, 51, 38 and 51 percentages, respectively. Therefore, more flower and corm yield were obtained in 9198 kg.ha-1 cow manure consumption with 150 corm.m-2 planting density. Therefore, it seems that the production of saffron is suitable using with organic manure compared with chemical manure. Moreover, saffron planting with high corm density is a solution for improving the yield of saffron in the early years of planting.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
Ahmadi, A., and Nazari Alam, J. 2015. Effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on quantity yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in different planting densities. Journal of Saffron Research 3 (1): 51-63. (In Persian with English Summary).
Akbarian, M.M., Heydari Sharif Abad, H., Modafebehzadi, N., and Bagheripour, M.A. 2013. The effects of chemical fertilizers and cow manure on quantity and quality saffron characteristics in Dehbakri Bam region. Annals of Biological Research 4 (6): 361-365.
Alavi Shahri, H. 1985. Evaluation of effect of irrigation and manure fertilizer on saffron yield. Seed and Plant Journal 11(1): 17-28. (In Persian).
Alonso, M.R., Garijo, G.L., and Salinas, J. 1998. Mineral composition of Spanish saffron and other producting countries. Agrochimica 42 (6): 263-272.
Amiri, M.E. 2008. Impact of animal manures and chemical fertilizers on yield components of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environment Science  4 (3): 274-279.
Behdani, M.A., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahalati, M., and Rezvani Moghaddam, P. 2005. Evaluation of quantitative relationships between saffron yield and nutrition (on farm trial). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 3 (1): 1-14. (In Persian with English Summary).
Behnia, M.R. 2008. Effect of planting methods and corm density in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) yield in Damavand region. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi 79: 101-108. (In Persian with English Summary).
Feizi, H., Seyyedi, S.M., and Sahabi, H. 2015. Effect of corm planting density, organic and chemical fertilizer on formation and phosphorus uptake of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) replacement corms during phonological stages. Saffron Agronomy and Technology 2 (4): 289-301. (In Persian with English Summary).
Hosseini, M., Sadeghian, B., and Aghamiri, S.A. 2004. Influence of foliar fertilization on yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). ISHS Acta Horticulture 650: 207-209.
Jahan, M., and Jahani, M. 2006. The effect of chemical and organic fertilizer on saffron flowering. The Second International Symposium on Saffron Biology and Technology.
Koocheki, A., Jamshid Eyni, M., and Seyyedi, S.M. 2014a. The effects of mother corm size, manure and chemical fertilizers on replacement corm criteria and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Saffron Research 2 (1): 34-46. (In Persian with English Summary)
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahalati, M., Alizadeh, A., and Ganjali, A., 2009. Modelling the impact of climate change on flowering behavior of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 7 (2): 583-594. (In Persian with English Summary).
Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam P., Mollafilabi, A., and Seyyedi, S.M. 2014b. The effects of high corm density and manure on agronomic characteristics and corms behavior of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the second year. Journal of Saffron Research 1 (2): 144-155. (In Persian with English Summary).
Koocheki, A., Seyyedi, S.M., and Jamshid Eyni, M. 2014c. Irrigation levels and dense planting affect flower yield and phosphorus concentration of saffron corms under semi-arid region of Mashhad, Northeast Iran. Scientia Horticulturae 180: 147-155.
Koocheki, A., Siahmarguee, A., Azizi, G., and Jahani Kondori, M. 2011a. The effect of high density and depth of planting on agronomic characteristic of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and corms behavior. Journal of Agroecology 3 (1): 36-49. (In Persian with English Summary).
Koocheki, A., Tabrizi, L., Jahani, M., and Mohammadabadi, A.A. 2011b. An evaluation of the effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm planting rate and pattern on the crop’s performance. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science 42 (4): 379-391. (In Persian with English Summary).
Mohammad, M., Amiri, M.E., and Sharghi, Y. 2012. Respond of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) to animal manure application. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 6 (7): 1323-1326.
Mollafilabi, A., Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2014. Effect of plant density and corm weight on yield and yield components of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under soil, hydroponic and plastic tunnel cultivation. Saffron Agronomy and Technology 1 (2): 14-28. (In Persian with English Summary).
Naderi Darbaghshahi, M.R., Khajehbashi, S.M., Bani Taba, S.A., and Dehdashti, S.M. 2008. Effects of planting method, density and depth on yield and production period of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Isfahan region. Seed and Plant 24 (4): 643-657. (In Persian).
Nehvi, F.A., Lone, A.A., Khan, M.A., and Maqdoomi, M.I. 2010. Comparative study of effect of nutrient management on growth and yield of saffron under temperate condition of Kashmir. Proc. 3rd IS on Saffron. Acta Horticulture 850: 165-170.
Omidi, H., Naghdi Badi, H., Golzad, A., Torbati, H., and Footoukian, M. H. 2009. Effect of chemical and bio-fertilizer source of nitrogen on qualitative and quantitative yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants 2 (30): 98-109. (In Persian with English Summary).
Osmani Roudi, H.R., Masoumi, A., Hamidi, H., and Razavi, S.A.A. 2015. Effects of first irrigation date and organic fertilizer treatments on saffron (Crocus sativus L.) yield under Khaf climatic conditions. Saffron Agronomy and Technology 3 (1): 25-33. (In Persian with English Summary).
Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Khorramdel, S., Amin Ghafori, A., and Shabahang, J. 2013a. Evaluation of growth and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) affected by spent mushroom compost and corm density. Journal of Saffron Research 1 (1): 13-26. (In Persian with English Summary).
Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Khorramdel, S., Shabahang, J., and Amin Ghafouri, A. 2013b. Evaluation of planting method, corm weight and density effects on growth characteristics and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Agroecology 3 (1): 52-68. (In Persian with English Summary).
Rostami, M., and Mohammadi, H. 2013. Effects of planting date and corm density on growth and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under Malayer climatic conditions. Journal of Agroecology 5 (1): 27-38. (In Persian with English Summary).
SAS Institute. 2000. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 9.2. SAS Institute Inc. Cary. NC. USA.
Teimori, S., Behdani, M.A., Ghaderi, M.G., and Sadeghi, B. 2013. Investigation on the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on morphological and agronomic of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm criteria. Journal of Saffron Research 1 (1): 36-47. (In Persian with English Summary).
Unal, M., and Cavusoglu, A. 2005. The effect of various nitrogen fertilizers on saffron (Crocus sativus L.) yield. Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi 18 (2): 257-260.
Saffron Agronomy and Technology
Volume 6, Issue 2 - Serial Number 20
May 2018
Pages 125-145
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics