Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
- Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh 1
- Hassan Makarian 2
- Ali Ebadi Khazine Ghadim 3
- Ebrahim Izadi-Darbandi 4
- Ahmad Gholami 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Agroecology, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Shahrood University of Technology. Shahrood, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology. Shahrood, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Ardabili, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad-IRAN
Abstract
In recent years, in order to produce organic products and reduce environmental problems, organic and biological fertilizers are used to increase soil fertility, eliminate the nutritional needs and to improve of plants growth. In order to evaluate the effect of organic and biological fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative traits of saffron, a field experiment was carried out as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ardebil Agricultural Research Center during two growing seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016- 2017. Treatments included three levels of organic fertilizers: vermicompost (10 t.ha-1), manure (25 t.ha-1) and control in the main plots, and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in four levels including, control, Azotobacter sp.PTCC 1658, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis and the combination of biofertilizer (A. sp < em>. PTCC 1658+ B. subtilis+ P. aeroginosa( in sub plots. Bio fertilizers were inoculated on the saffron corms before sowing in the first year and were applied mixed with irrigation water in the second year. The results indicated that the interaction effects of organic and biological fertilizers increased the fresh weight of flowers, dry and wet yield of stigma and style and qualitative compounds including crocin (Color factor), picrocrocin (Taste factor) and safranal (Perfume factor) compared to control. So that, the application of manure and vermicompost in combination with the total of bio-fertilizers (A. sp. PTCC 1658+ B. subtilis+ P. aeroginosa), increased the dry matter of stigma from 0.86 kg.h-1 to 2.93 and 2.7 kg.h-1 respectively. By using manure fertilizer with biofertilizers, picrocrocin, safranal and crocin, were increased 73, 77 and 83 percent compared to the control respectively. Based on this experiment results, the combined use of organic and biological fertilizers in addition to reducing the environmental pollution, can enhance qualities and quantities of yield of saffron through synergistic effects.
Highlights
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