با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دکتری اگرو اکولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشجوی دکتری اگرو اکولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

بررسی مسائل زراعی جهت بهبود کیفیت و افزایش عملکرد محصول زعفران بسیار مهم است. یکی از مباحث مطرح در این زمینه، اندازه و تراکم بنه زعفران می‌باشد که می‌ تواند بر نحوه تخصیص مواد در گیاه مؤثر بوده و از طریق تحت تأثیر قراردادن رشد رویشی بر تولید تأثیرگذار باشد. بنابراین به‌منظور تعیین اثر متقابل تراکم و اندازه بنه جهت به دست آوردن مناسب‌ترین وزن بنه به تفکیک تراکم به‌عنوان اصلی‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر رشد زعفران آزمایشی در قالب طرح مرکب مرکزی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در دو سال زراعی 91-90 و 91-92 به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی با توجه به سطوح بالا و پائین اندازه بنه شامل سطوح وزن بنه‌ های کوچک (4> گرم) تا متوسط (4-8 گرم) و تراکم کم (50 بنه در مترمربع) تا پرتراکم (250 بنه در مترمربع) طراحی شد. نقطه مرکزی در هر تیمار پنج بار تکرار شد و درمجموع 13 ترکیب تیماری به دست آمد. عملکرد اقتصادی (وزن خشک کلاله)، قطر بنه، تعداد بنه دختری، تعداد بنه اصلی، تعداد گل و وزن‌تر گل به‌عنوان متغیرهای وابسته مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفتند و با استفاده از مدل رگرسیونی چندجمله‌ ای، سطوح پاسخ این متغیرها تحت تأثیر فاکتورهای آزمایش محاسبه شد. درمجموع نتایج نشان داد که افزایش اندازه بنه و تراکم اثر مثبتی برافزایش عملکرد اقتصادی، قطر بنه، تعداد بنه دختری، تعداد بنه اصلی، تعداد گل و وزن‌تر گل داشت. بر اساس یافته‌ های این پژوهش کاشت بنه‌ هایی با وزن متوسط در تراکم بالا مناسب‌تر بود و بر این اساس مقدار بهینه اندازه بنه و تراکم زعفران به ترتیب با 7 گرم و 250 بنه در مترمربع برآورد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimizing Corm Size and Density in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Cultivation by Central Composite Design

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Nassiri Mahallati 1
  • Alireza Koocheki 1
  • Afsaneh Amin Ghafouri 2
  • Mansore Mahluji Rad 3

1 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 PhD in Agroecology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

3 PhD students in Agroecology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

In order to determine the optimal use of corm size and density, an experiment was conducted by central composite design at the Research Station, the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during two growing seasons of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. The treatments were designed based on low and high levels of corm size (3 and 7 g) and density (50 and 150 corm.m-2). Central point in each treatment was repeated 5 times and a total of 13 experimental treatments were designed. Economic yield, corm diameter, number of daughter corms, number of mother corms, number of flowers and fresh weight of flowers were measured as dependent variables, and the response surface of these variables to experimental factors was estimated by the polynomial regression model. The results indicated a positive effect of corm size and density on economic yield, corm diameter, dry weight of tunic, number of daughter corms, number of mother corms, number of flowers and fresh weight of flowers. The optimum level of corm size and density were 7 g and 250 plant.m-2, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corm diameter
  • Economic yield
  • Fresh weight of flower
  • optimization
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