با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری،گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 استاد گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه عملکرد کمی گل و بنه زعفران در پاسخ به مدار­های مختلف و حجم­­های مختلف آب آبیاری و برآورد کارائی مصرف آب آزمایشی در سال ­های زراعی 1397-1395 در شهر باخرز، به صورت کرت­های نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌­های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. دور آبیاری به­عنوان عامل افقی (فاکتور A) در چهار مدار (15 a1= ، 30 =a2 ، 45 a3= و 90 a4= روز) و حجم آب آبیاری بعنوان عامل عمودی (فاکتور B) در چهار حجم (250=b1 ، 500=b2، 1000=b3 و  1250=b4 متر مکعب درهکتار) انتخاب شد. نتایج  نشان داد، که بیشترین عملکرد گل و بنه زعفران در تیمارa2b3  (حجم کل آب 6000 مترمکعب در هکتار) بدست آمد. بیشترین کاهش عملکرد بنه در تیمار a4b1 (حجم کل آب 750 مترمکعب در هکتار) با کاهش 1/72 درصدی نسبت به a1b2 (حجم کل آب 5500 مترمکعب در هکتار) و کمترین عملکرد وزن تر گل در تیمار a4b1 (حجم کل آب 750 مترمکعب در هکتار) با کاهش 5/76 درصدی نسبت به a1b2 (حجم کل آب 5500 مترمکعب در هکتار) و کمترین عملکرد وزن بنه در تیمار با حجم a4b1 (حجم کل آب 750 مترمکعب در هکتار) با کاهش 6/70  درصدی نسبت به حجم a2b3 (حجم کل آب 6000 مترمکعب در هکتار) به­دست آمد. همچنین نتایج بدست آمده از مقایسه کارایی مصرف آب زعفران تحت­تأثیر اثر متقابل حجم و مدار مختلف آبیاری نشان داد که بیشترین کاهش کارایی مصرف آب بر مبنای وزن بنه در تیمار a1b4 (حجم کل آب 13750 متر مکعب در هکتار) با کاهش 4/85 درصدی نسبت بهa3b1  (حجم کل آب 1000 مترمکعب در هکتار) و بیشترین کاهش کارایی مصرف آب بر مبنای وزن گل در تیمار a1b4 (حجم کل آب 13750متر مکعب در هکتار) با کاهش 4/82 درصدی نسبت به a2b1 (حجم کل آب 1500 مترمکعب در هکتار) بدست آمد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده استفاده از حجم آبیاری 250 تا 500 متر مکعب در هکتار در مدار 30 روز (1500 تا 3000 مترمکعب در هکتار) برای حداکثر بهره ­وری آب در زراعت زعفران توصیه می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Crop Water Use Efficiency of saffron (Case study: theBakharz region of Khorasan Razavi, Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Mosaferyzyaaldiny 1
  • Amin Alizadeh 2
  • Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam 3

1 Ph.D. Student of Water Science and Engineering, international campus, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

3 Ph.D. Student of Water Science and Engineering, international campus, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

An experiment was conducted in a strip-plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2016-2017 growing season at the Bakhrez county, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran in order to study quantitative performance and water use efficiency of a few saffron criteria in response to different irrigation volumes and intervals. Irrigation intervals was allocated as horizontal factor (factor A) in four levels (a1=15, a2 =30, a3 = 45, and a4 = 90 days) and irrigation water volume performed as vertical factor (factor B) in four volumes (b1 = 250, b2 = 500, b3 = 1000 and b4 = 1250 m3.ha-1). The results showed that the highest saffron flower and corm yields were obtained in the a2b3 treatment (total water volume of 6000 m3.ha-1). The highest reduction in corm yield is shown in the a4b1 treatment (total water volume 750 m3.ha-1) with a decrease of 72.1% compared to a1b2 (total water volume 5500 m3.ha-1). The lowest fresh flower yield was obtained in the a4b1 treatment (total water volume 750 m3.ha-1) with a decrease of 76.5% compared to a1b2 (total water volume 5500 m3.ha-1), and the lowest yield of corm yield was shown in treatment with a4b1 volume (total water volume 750 m3.ha-1) with a decrease of 70.6% compared to the a2b3 volume (The total volume of water was 6000 m3.ha-1). Also, the results showed that the highest decrease in corm water use efficiency was obtained in the a1b4 treatment (total water volume 13750 m3.ha-1) decreased by 85.4 percent compared to a3b1 (total volume of water 1000 m3.ha-1) and the greatest decrease in fresh flower water use efficiency was shown in the a1b4 treatment (total volume of water 13750 m3.ha-1) decreased by 82.4% compared to a2b1 (total volume of water 1500 m3.ha-1). According to the results, the use of 250 to 500 m3.ha-1 irrigation in 30-day intervals (1500 to 3000 m3.ha-1) is recommended for maximum water use efficiency in saffron cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corm yield
  • Dry flower yield
  • Irrigation planning
  • Water Productivity
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