با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم دامی، مجتمع آموزش عالی تربت‌جام، تربت‌جام، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم دامی، مجتمع آموزش عالی سراوان، سراوان، ایران

3 کارشناس آزمایشگاه مرکزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی تربت‌جام، تربت‌جام، ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی، خصوصیات سیلویی، قابلیت هضم و فراسنجه‌های تولید گاز برون‌تنی ضایعات زعفران (شامل گلبرگ و پرچم) قبل و بعد از سیلو شدن انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی (با 4 تکرار) شامل 1) ضایعات زعفران قبل از سیلو شدن، 2) سیلاژ ضایعات زعفران بدون افزودنی، 3) سیلاژ حاوی 88/96 درصد ضایعات زعفران+12/3 درصد سبوس گندم (وزن­تر)، 4) سیلاژ حاوی 75/93 درصد ضایعات زعفران+25/6 درصد سبوس گندم (وزن­تر)، 5) سیلاژ حاوی 5/87 درصد ضایعات زعفران +5/12 درصد سبوس گندم (وزن تر)، 6) سیلاژ حاوی 75 درصد ضایعات زعفران +25 درصد سبوس گندم (وزن­تر)، و 7) سیلاژ حاوی 50 درصد ضایعات زعفران+50 درصد سبوس گندم (وزن تر) بود. تجزیه‌ی آماری داده‌ها در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. تیمار 2 به‌دلیل کپک‌زدگی و چسبندگی زیاد، از کیفیت ظاهری و بوی مناسبی برخوردار نبود، ولی افزودن سبوس گندم بویژه در سطوح بالاتر (تیمارهای 4، 5 و 6) منجر به افزایش کیفیت سیلاژ ضایعات زعفران شد. ترکیب شیمیایی تیمارهای آزمایشی (ماده خشک 37/54-40/10 درصد وزن تازه، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی خنثی 35/27-83/12 درصد، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی اسیدی 45/11-23/7 درصد، پروتئین خام 67/15-88/14 درصد، چربی خام 77/5-43/5 درصد و خاکستر 12/11-89/5 درصد وزن خشک) متفاوت بود. در بین تیمارهای آزمایشی، بیشترین مقدار الیاف نامحلول در شوینده‌ی خنثی و اسیدی (به‌ترتیب 35/27 و 45/11 درصد) در تیمار 7 مشاهده شد. کمترین مقدار pH و بیشترین غلظت اسید لاکتیک، اسید استیک، حجم گاز تولید شده در زمان‌های 12 و 24 ساعت و ثابت نرخ تولید گاز در تیمار 7 مشاهده شد. قابلیت هضم حقیقی ماده خشک از 30/76 درصد برای تیمار 2 تا 95/79 درصد برای تیمار 1 متغیر بود. در مجموع، ضایعات زعفران پیش از سیلو شدن از ارزش تغذیه‌ای مناسبی برخوردار بود، و سیلو کردن بدون افزودنی موجب کاهش کیفیت آن شد. به هر حال، سیلو کردن این ضایعات مخلوط با سبوس گندم به‌عنوان یک ماده‌ی جاذب رطوبت امکان‌پذیر بود بدون آن‌که تأثیر منفی بر برخی پارامترهای تغذیه‌ای داشته باشد. از لحاظ کیفیت ظاهری، بو، عدم کپک‌زدگی و خصوصیات تخمیری محیط سیلو، بهترین شرایط در تیمار 7 مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the nutritional value and ensiling ability of saffron wastes (petals and stamen)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Kazemi 1
  • Hasan Saleh 2
  • Behzad Fahmideh 3

1 Assistant professor, Department of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex of Torbat-e Jam, Torbat-e Jam, Iran

2 Assistant professor, Department of Animal Science, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran

3 Lab Expert in Central Laboratory, Higher Education Complex of Torbat-e Jam, Torbat-e Jam, Iran

چکیده [English]

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, silage characteristics, digestibility, and in vitro gas production parameters of saffron waste (including petals and stamen) before and after ensiling. Experimental treatments (4 replicates) contained: 1) Saffron wastes before ensiling: SWBE; 2) Saffron wastes after ensiling: SWAE; 3) 96.88% Saffron wastes after ensiling+3.12% wheat bran: 96.88%SWAE+3.12%WB (fresh weight); 4) 93.75% Saffron wastes after ensiling+6.25% wheat bran: 93.75%SWAE+6.25%WB (fresh weight); 5) 87.5% Saffron wastes after ensiling+12.5% wheat bran: 87.5%SWAE+12.5%WB (fresh weight); 6) 75% Saffron wastes after ensiling+25% wheat bran: 75%SWAE+25%WB (fresh weight); 7) 50% Saffron wastes after ensiling+50% wheat bran: 50%SWAE+50%WB (fresh weight). Statistical analysis of the data was performed in a completely randomized design. Treatment 2 did not have good quality and odor due to high moldy and adhesion characteristics, but the addition of wheat bran, especially at higher levels (treatment 4, 5, 6) led to an increase in the silage quality. Chemical composition of the experimental treatments (dry matter 10.40-54.37% of fresh weight, neutral detergent fiber 12.83-27.35%, acid detergent fiber 7.23.11.45%, crude protein 14.88-15.67%, ether extract 5.43-5.77% and ash was 5.89-11.12% of dry weight) was different. Among the experimental treatments, the highest neutral and acid detergent fibers were observed (27.35% and 11.45%, respectively) in treatment 7. The lowest pH as well as the highest concentrations of lactic and acetic acids, gas production at 12 and 24 h incubation, and constant rate of gas production were observed in treatment 7. True dry matter digestibility differed from 76.30% for treatment 2 to 79.95% for treatment 1. Overall, saffron waste had good nutritional value before being ensilaged, and ensiling without additives reduced its quality. However, it was possible to ensilage saffron wastes with wheat bran as a moisture-absorbing material without adverse effects on some nutritional parameters. In terms of appearance quality, odor, non-molding, and fermentation characteristics of the silo environment, the best conditions were observed in treatment 7.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical composition
  • In vitro fermentation
  • Petals and stamen of saffron
  • Silage
  • Wheat bran
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