با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

تغذیه متعادل شرط اصلی افزایش کمّی و کیفی محصولات کشاورزی از جمله زعفران می‌باشد. مصرف بهینه کود و رعایت تعادل و تناسب بین عناصر غذایی اهمیت زیادی داشته که لازمه دست‌‌یابی به آن، ارزیابی صحیح تعیین نیاز گیاه می‌باشد. تجزیه گیاهی یکی از مناسب-ترین روش‌های ازریابی وضعیت تغذیه‌ای محصولات کشاورزی محسوب می‌‌شود. با توجه به اینکه برگ اصلی‌ترین و‌ مهم‌ترین محل متابولیسم گیاه می‌باشد تجزیه عناصر غذائی موجود در برگ و تفسیر نتایج آن بر اساس روش‌های استاندارد، می‌تواند اطلاعات کاملی از وضعیت تغذیه گیاه فراهم آورده، به منظور تعیین ترتیب نیاز عناصر غذائی و اولویت کوددهی مزارع مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. در پژوهش حاضر، به منظور بررسی وضعیت تغذیه‌ای زعفران در استان خراسان جنوبی، در هفته اول بهمن ماه نمونه‌های برگ از 23 مزرعه جمع‌آوری و غلظت عناصر پرمصرف (نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم) و کم‌مصرف (آهن، روی، مس و منگنز) در آنها اندازه‌گیری شد. با استفاده از غلظت عناصر غذایی در برگ مزارع با عملکرد نسبی بالا، غلظت استاندارد (مرجع) برای عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم به ترتیب 94/2، 25/0 و 22/1 درصد و برای عناصر آهن، منگنز، روی و مس به ترتیب 17/215، 21/27، 30/21 و27/7 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به دست آمد. بعد از به دست آوردن غلظت مرجع، مقدار DOP محاسبه گردید و بر اساس آن ترتیب نیاز عناصر غذائی تعیین گردید. محاسبات مربوط به شاخص انحراف از درصد بهینه نشان داد که قدر مطلق DOP برای تمام عناصر غذائی مورد مطالعه بیشتر از صفر بوده، به عبارتی مشکل عدم تعادل تغذیه‌ای در تمامی مزارع وجود داشت. در بیش از 95 درصد موارد، عدم تعادل تغذیه‌ای ناشی از کم‌بود عناصر غذائی و در موارد معدودی، به بیش‌بود عناصر مرتبط بود. براساس شاخص‌های انحراف از درصد بهینه، در بین عناصر پرمصرف، پتاسیم در 70 درصد مزارع مورد بررسی و در بین عناصرکم‌مصرف، عنصر منگنز در 60 درصد، و آهن در 30 درصد از مزارع، دارای منفی‌ترین میزان شاخص (بیش‌ترین میزان کمبود) بود. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می‌توان توصیه کرد که در مزارع زعفران استان خراسان جنوبی، مصرف کودهای حاوی پتاسیم، آهن و منگنز باید در اولویت مصرف قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of nutritional status of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in South Khorasan province by "Deviation from optimum percentage" (DOP) method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Basir Atarodi
  • Hamidreza Zabihi
  • Mehdi Zangiabadi

Assistant Professor of Soil and Water Research Department, Khorasan-Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Balanced nutrition is one of the most important methods to increase the quantity and quality of agricultural products such as saffron. Optimal application of fertilizer and impose the balance between nutrients is very important; achieving it requires a proper assessment of plant needs. Because the leaf is the main and most important tissue of plant metabolism so decomposition of its nutrients and interpretation of the results according to standard methods can provide complete information about the nutritional status of the plant, and can also be used to determine the order of nutrient requirements and fertilizer priority of the fields. In the present study, in order to investigate the nutritional status of saffron in South Khorasan province, leaf samples were collected from 23 farms and analysed for determining the macro and micronutrients concentration. Using nutrients concentration in high yielding fields, reference concentration (Cref ) was obtained for N, P and K nutrients 2.94, 0.25 and 1.22 percent respectively. As well as Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu Cref was 215.17, 27.21, 21.30 and 7.27 mg/kg respectively. After obtaining the reference concentration, the DOP value was calculated and based on that, the order of nutrient requirements was determined. The results showed that the absolute value of DOP for all nutrients studied was more than zero, in the other words, there was a nutritional imbalance in all fields. In more than 95% of cases, the nutritional imbalance was due to nutrient deficiencies, although in a few cases, the nutritional imbalance was also related to the excess of nutrients. Based on the indices of deviation from optimum percentage, among macronutrients potassium in 70% of the studied farms and among the micronutrients, manganese in 60%, and iron in 30% of the farms, had highest negative indices. Overall and based on the results of this study, it can be recommended that in saffron farms of South Khorasan province, the use of fertilizers containing potassium, iron and manganese should be given priority.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • DOP method
  • Fertilizer
  • Nutrients order of plant requirement
  • Nutrition
Amoon, A., Hatima, G., and Arsham, R. 2013. Response of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) to organic animal manure application. International Journal of Manures and Fertilizers 2: 335-349.
Behdani, M.A., Sayyari-Zaha, M.H., Alahrasani, A., and Nakhaei, A. 2014. The comparison of microelements (Mn, Fe, and Zn) and heavy metals (Co, Cr and Cd) in the soil of perennial farms of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in southern Khorasan Province. Journal of Agroecology 6 (4): 891- 904. (In Persian with English Summary).
Caldwell, J.O.N., Sumner, M.E., and Vavrina, C.S. 1994. Development and testing of preliminary foliar DRIS norms for onions. Horticulturae Science 29: 1501-1504.
Dadivar, M., and Atarodi, B. 2021. Investigation of nutritional status of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Khorasan Razavi province by "Deviation from optimum percentage" (DOP) method. Journal of Water and Soil 34 (6): 1299-1307. (In Persian with English Summary).
Emami, A. 1996. Methods of plant analysis. Agricultural Research and Education Organization. Soil and Water Research Institute. Technical Issue, 982: 80-93. (In Persian).
Feyzizadeh, M., and Samadi, A. 2016. Comparing of deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) method and diagnostic recommendation integrated system (DRIS) for nutritional balances of onion (Allium cepa L. (. Water and Soil Science 25 (2): 271-286. (In Persian with English Summary).
Gholami, M., Kafi, M., Khazaie, H.R., and Abarghouei, H. 2019. Study the effects of some fertilizer and irrigation managements in adaptation and development of saffron cultivation in arid regions. Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology 7 (2): 207- 225. (In Persian with English Summary).
Ghoreyshi, S.J., Sepehr, E., and Samadi, A. 2017. Evaluation nutritional status of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) by deviation from optimum percentage (DOP) method in Poldasht, west Azerbaijan. Applied Soil Research 5 (2): 40-51.  (In Persian with English Summary).
Heydari, Z., Besharati, H., and Maleki Farahani, S. 2014. Effect of some chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Saffron. Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology 2 (3): 177-189. (In Persian with English Summary).
Malakouti, M.J., Shahabi, A.A., and Bazargan, K. 2017. Potassium in Agriculture. Moballeghan Publication, Tehran. (In Persian).
Maleki Farahani, S., and Aghighi Shahverdi, M. 2015. Evaluation the effect of nono-iron fertilizer in compare to iron chelate fertilizer on qualitative and quantitative yield of saffron. Journal of Crops Improvement 17 (1): 155-168. (In Persian).
Mollafilab, A., Koocheki, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2014. Effect of plant density and corm weight on yield and yield components of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under soil, hydroponic and plastic tunnel cultivation. Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology 1 (2): 14-28. (In Persian with English Summary).
Mykhailenko, O., Ivanauskas, L., Bezruk, I., Sidorenko, L., Lesyk, R., and Georgiyants, V. 2021. Characterization of phytochemical components of crocus sativus leaves: A new attractive by-product. Scientia Pharmaceutica 89 (28): 2-17.
Ranjbar, A., Emami, H., Karimi Karouyeh, A., and Khorassani, R. 2015. Determining the most important soil properties affecting the yield of saffron in the Ghayenat area. Journal of  Water and Soil 29 (3): 673-682. (In Persian with English Summary).
Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Khorramdel, S., and Mollafilabi, A. 2015. Evaluation of soil physical and chemical characteristics impacts on morphological criteria and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Saffron Research 3 (2): 188-203. (In Persian).
Rostami, M., Talarposhti, R.M., Mohammadi, H., and Demyan, M.S. 2019. Morpho-physiological response of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) to particle size and rates of zinc fertilizer. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 50: 1250-1257.
Shahbazi, K., and Besharati, H. 2014. Overview of the fertility status of agricultural soils in Iran. Journal of Land Management 1 (1): 1-15. (In Persian).
Tehrani M.M., Balali M.R., Moshiri F., and Daryashenas, A.M. 2012. Fertilizer recommendation and estimation in Iran, challenges, and solution. Soil Research (Soil and Water Sciences) 26 (2): 123-144. (In Persian).
Yazdani Nejad, F., Torabi, H., and Davatgar, N. 2014. Mapping of available Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn in soils of Southern Tehran lands by geostatistical and GIS techniques. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research 44 (4): 383-395. (In Persian).
Zabihi, H., and Feyzi, H. 2014. Saffron response to different the rate to two kinds of potassium fertilizer. Journal of Saffron Agronomy and Technology 2 (3): 191-198. (In Persian with English Summary).