زراعت و فناوری زعفران

زراعت و فناوری زعفران

ارزیابی پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و ویژگی‌های مرتبط با کلاله زعفران در اکوتیپ‌های مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سعید حسنیان بادی 1
جواد طباطبائیان 2
بنیامین ترابی 3
1 دانشجوی دکتری آگروتکنولوژی-فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردستان، اصفهان، ایران
2 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردستان، اصفهان، ایران
3 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گلستان، ایران
10.22048/jsat.2025.480420.1542
چکیده
ارزیابی واکنش اکوتیپ‌های مختلف زعفران از نظر صفات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و ویژگی‌های مرتبط با کلاله، برای کشت در منطقه‌ی خاص از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. از این‌رو، پژوهشی با هدف ارزیابی صفات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و ویژگی‌های مرتبط با کلاله در پنج اکوتیپ زعفران (طرق-رود: EC1، نطنز: EC2، کاشان: EC3، بادرود: EC4 و قائنات: EC5) به‌صورت گلدانی در فضای باز در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اردستان در سال 1401 در قالب طرح آزمایشی کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که صفات عملکردی، کیفی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در اکوتیپ‌های مورد بررسی تفاوت معنی‌دار داشتند. اکوتیپ EC2 از نظر صفات عملکردی نظیر قطر کلاله (09/2 میلی‌متر)، طول کلاله (43/2 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد گل (40/95 در مترمربع)، عملکرد تر گل (27/47 گرم در مترمربع) و عملکرد خشک کلاله (828/0 گرم در مترمربع) به‌طور معنی‌داری برتر بود. مقادیر سافرانال، پیکروکروسین و کروسین در اکوتیپ‌های EC2، EC3 و EC4 به‌طور قابل توجهی نسبت به سایر اکوتیپ‌ها بالاتر بود و بالاترین مقادیر این صفات در EC2 (به‌ترتیب 02/53، 1/175 و 6/202 E_(1 cm)^(1%)) مشاهده شد. محتوای رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، b و کل) در اکوتیپ EC2 در مقایسه با سایر اکوتیپ‌ها از میانگین بالایی برخوردار بود. در مورد فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی، اکوتیپ‌های EC1 و EC4 بالاترین فعالیت را نشان دادند. نتایج همبستگی بین صفات نیز بیانگر ارتباط مثبت بین صفات عملکردی و کیفی بود. به‌طور کلی، این پژوهش به‌خوبی نشان می‌دهد که شرایط محیطی می‌توانند تأثیرات قابل توجهی بر کیفیت و عملکرد زعفران داشته باشند و به انتخاب بهترین اکوتیپ‌ها برای کشت در مناطق مختلف کمک کنند. برای کشت در منطقه مورد مطالعه اکوتیپ EC2 قابل توصیه بعد از آزمایشات مزرعه‌ای می‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان
رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی
سافرانال
عملکرد گل
کلاله

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment of Physiological, Biochemical Parameters, and Saffron Stigma-Related Traits in Different Ecotypes

نویسندگان English

Saeed Hasanian-Badi 1
Javad Tabatabaeian 2
Benyamin Torabi 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Agrotechnology-Crop Physiology, Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Ardestan Branch, Ardestan, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Ardestan Branch, Ardestan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran.
چکیده English

Evaluating the response of various saffron ecotypes regarding physiological and biochemical traits, as well as stigma-related characteristics, is crucial for cultivation in specific regions. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the physiological, biochemical, and stigma-related traits of five saffron ecotypes (Torqroud: EC1, Natanz: EC2, Kashan: EC3, Qaenat: EC4, and Badroud: EC5) in pots under open field conditions at the Islamic Azad University Research Farm in Ardestan in 2022, following a completely randomized design with three replications. Results indicated significant differences in yield, quality, physiological, and biochemical traits among the examined ecotypes. The EC2 ecotype was significantly superior in yield traits such as stigma diameter (2.09 mm), stigma length (2.43 cm), number of flowers (95.40 per m2), fresh flower yield (47.27 g m-2), and dry stigma yield (0.828 g m-2). The levels of safranal, picrocrocin, and crocin in the EC2, EC3, and EC4 ecotypes were significantly higher compared to other ecotypes, with the highest values of these traits observed in EC2 (53.02, 175.1, and 202.6 E_(1 cm)^(1%), respectively). The content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and total) was highest in the EC2 ecotype compared to the others. In terms of antioxidant enzyme activity, EC1 and EC4 ecotypes exhibited the highest activity. Correlation results indicated a positive relationship between yield and quality traits. Overall, this study clearly demonstrates that environmental conditions can significantly impact the quality and yield of saffron, aiding in the selection of the best ecotypes for cultivation in different regions. The EC2 ecotype is recommended for cultivation in the studied area after field trials.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Antioxidant enzymes
photosynthetic pigments
safranal
flower yield
stigma
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