Anon. (2018). Iran Water Resources Management Company. http://www.khrw.ir/uploaded_files/DCMS/wysiwyg/files/Tarefe_97%20.pdf
Carpenter, S.R., DeFries, R., Dietz, T., Mooney, H.A., Polasky, S., Reid, W.V., & Scholes, R.J. (2006). Millennium ecosystem assessment: research needs.
Science,
314, 257-258.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131946
Costanza, R., d’Arge, R., DeGroot, R.S., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O’Neill, R.V., Paruel, J., Raskin, R.G., Sutton, P., & VandenBelt, M. (1997). The value of the world’s ecosystem service and natural capital.
Nature 387, 253-260.
De Groot, R.S., Wilson, M.A., & Boumans, R.M.J. (2002). A typology for the classification, description and valuation of ecosystem function, goods and services. Ecological Economics 41, 393-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00089-7
Dale, V.H, & Polasky, S. (2007). Measures of the effects of agricultural practices on ecosystem services. Ecological Economics, 64(2), 286-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.05.009.
De
Groot, R., Brander, L., Ploeg, S: Costanza, R., Bernard, F., Braat, F., Christie, M., Crossman, N., Ghermand, N., Hein, L., Hussain, S., Kumar, L., McVittie, A., Portela, R., Rodriguez, L.C., Brink, P & vanBeukering, P. (2012). Global estimates of the value of ecosystems and their services in monetary units.
Ecosystem Services, 1(1),
50-61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.005
DeClerck, F.A., Jones, S.K., Attwood, S., Bossio, D., Girvetz, E., Chaplin-Kramer, B., Enfors, E., Fremier, A.K., Gordon, L.J., Kizito, F., Lopez Noriega, I., Matthews, N., McCarthey, M., Meacham, M., Noble, A., Quintero, M., Remans, R., Soppe, R., Willemen, L., Wood, S.L.R., & Zhang, W. (2016). Agricultural ecosystems
and their services: the vanguard of sustainability?
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 23,
92-99
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2016.11.016
Defra. (2007). An introductory guide to valuing ecosystem services. PB12852. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/biodiversity/economics/pdf/valuing_ecosystems.pdf
F.A.O. (2018). More people, more food, worse water? A global review of water pollution from agriculture
. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome. https://www.fao.org/3/CA0146EN/ca0146en.pdf
F.A.O.
(2013). Guidelines to control water pollution from agriculture in China
. F.A.O. Water Report 40. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome. https://www.fao.org/3/i3536e/i3536e.pdf
Fallahi, H. R., Behdani, M. A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., & Jami Al-Ahmadi, M. (2021). Principles of standardization of organic saffron production in Iran.
Saffron Agronomy & Technology, 9(1), 43-79. (In Persian with English abstract)
Faucon, M.P., Houben, D. & Lambers, H. (2017). Plant functional traits: soil and ecosystem services.
Trends in Plant Science,
22(5), 385-394.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2017.01.005
Ferrarini, A., Serra, P., Almagro,M., Trevisan, M., & Amaducci, S. (2017). Multiple ecosystem services provision and biomass logistics management in bioenergy buffers: A state-of-art review.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
73, 277-290.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.052
Grandy, A.S., Loecke, T.D., Parr, S., & Robertson, G.P. (2006)
. Long-term trends in nitrous oxide emissions, soil nitrogen, and crop yields of till and no-till cropping systems. Journal of Environmental Quality, 35(4), 1487-1495. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0166
Harvey, E., Gounand, I., Ward, C. L., & Altermatt, F. (2017). Bridging ecology and conservation: from ecological networks to ecosystem function.
Journal of Applied Ecology,
54(2), 371-379.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12769
Hatt, S., Boeraeve, F., Artru, S., Dufrêne, M. & Francis, F. (2018). Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services: an agroecological perspective.
Science of the Total Environment,
621, 600-611.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.296
Janse, J.H., van Dam, A.A., Hes, E.M., de Klein, J.J., Finlayson, C.M., Janssen, A.B., van Wijk, D., Mooij, W.M. & Verhoeven, J.T. (2019). Towards a global model for wetlands ecosystem services.
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,
36, 11-19.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.09.002
Kumar, P. (2012). The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781849775489
Khorramdel, S., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., & Ghafori, A. (2018). Economic evaluation of agroecosystem services of saffron in the Khorasan Razavi province. Saffron Agronomy & Technology 6(1), 73-89. (In Persian with English abstract)
Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Amin Ghafoor, A., Mahlooji, M., Fallahpour, F. (2017). Economic Value of Agroecosystem Services within Wheat Fields in Khorasan Razavi Province. Journal of Agroecology, 8(4), 612-627. https://doi: 10.22067/jag.v8i4.51347
Lv, Y., Gu, S., & Guo, D. (2010). Valuing environmental externalities from rice-wheat farming in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Ecological Economics, 69(7), 1436-1442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.12.014
Madureira, L., Rambonilaza, T., & Karpinski, I. (2007). Review of methods and evidence for economic valuation of agricultural non-commodity outputs and suggestions to facilitate its application to broader decisional contexts. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 120, 5-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.04.015
M.E.A., Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington DC. http://www.bioquest.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/files/2009/06/ecosystems-and-health.pdf
Ministry of Agriculture-Jihad (2018). Agricultural statistics, (Vol. 2). The Islamic Republic of Iran, Ministry of Agriculture-Jihad, Press. (In Persian).
Ritchie, H. (2021). How much of global greenhouse gas emissions come from food? Published online at OurWorldinData.org. Retrieved from: 'https://archive.ourworldindata.org/20251125-173858/greenhouse-gas-emissions-food.html' [Online Resource] (archived on November 25, 2025).
TEEB Foundations. (2010). In: Kumar, P. (Ed.). The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations. Earth Scan, London, Washington.
Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2025). Impacts of agricultural intensification on biodiversity: Habitat loss, agrochemical use, water depletion, and soil degradation. Journal of Environmental Management, 395, 128036.
Sandhu, H.S., Wtatten, S.D., Cullen, R., & Case, B. (2008). The future of farming: The value of ecosystem services in conventional and organic arable land. An experimental approach. Ecological Economics, 64, 835-848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.05.007.
Soltani, A., Rajabi, M.H., Zeinali, E. & Soltani, E. (2013). Energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions in wheat production in Gorgan, Iran. Energy, 50, 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.12.022
Tilman, D., Cassman, K., Matson, P., Naylor, R., & Polasky, S. (2002). Agricultural sustainability and the costs and benefits of intensive production practices. Nature, 418, 671-677. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01014.
Von Blottnitz, H., Rabel, A., Boiadghev, D., Taylor, T. & Arnold, S.
(2006). Damage costs of nitrogen fertilizer in Europe and their internalization.
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 49, 413-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560600601587
World Bank. (2020).
"State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2020", World Bank, Washington, DC.
Zhang, W., Ricketts, T., Kermen, C., & Swinon, S. (2007). Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture.
Ecological Economics, 64(2), 253-260
. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.024.
