با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیارگروه علوم باغبانی و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی گیاهان دارویی، گروه باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران

3 دانشیارگروه علوم باغبانی و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند

4 استاد گروه پژوهشی زعفران و مرکز پژوهشی گیاهان ویژه منطقه دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثرات ورمی­کمپوست و نیتروکسین بر صفات بنه و عملکرد گل زعفران، آزمایشی در سال 95-1394 به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی، با سه تکرار در مزرعه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش، شامل ورمی­کمپوست در چهار سطح (صفر، 5، 10 و 15 تن در هکتار) و نیتروکسین در سه سطح (0، 5 و 10 لیتر در هکتار)  به­صورت مصرف خاکی بودند. نتایج نشان داد، ورمی­کمپوست اثر معنی‏داری بر صفات بنه (وزن کل بنه، متوسط وزن ‏تر و خشک بنه دختری و قطر بنه دختری) داشت، به­طوری­که بیشترین وزن کل بنه در تیمار 15 تن در هکتار ورمی­کمپوست به­دست آمد. همچنین، نتایج سال دوم آزمایش، نشان­دهنده تأثیر معنی‏دار ورمی­کمپوست بر صفات گل (تعداد و عملکرد گل ، عملکرد تر و خشک کلاله) بود، به­طوری­که بیشترین عملکرد کلاله تر و خشک (63/1 و41/0 گرم در متر مربع به ترتیب) در سطح 10 تن در هکتار ورمی­کمپوست حاصل شد، و کمترین مقدار این صفات در تیمار شاهد (77/0 و21/0 گرم در متر مربع) مشاهده گردید. نیتروکسین نیز بر تعداد، عملکرد کل گل تر و عملکرد کلاله خشک تأثیرگذار بود. به­طوری­که، بیشترین میزان عملکرد کلاله خشک ( 36/0 گرم در متر مربع) در تیمار 10­ لیتر نیتروکسین در هکتار و کمترین مقدار این صفت در تیمار شاهد (24/0 گرم در متر مربع) حاصل گردید. اثرات متقابل نشان داد که، سطوح مختلف ورمی­کمپوست و نیتروکسین تأثیر معنی‏داری بر متوسط وزن کل بنه، عملکرد گل، عملکرد تر و خشک کلاله داشت. به­طورکلی، نتایج بیانگر تأثیر مثبت ورمی­کمپوست و نیتروکسین بر صفات بنه و عملکرد گل زعفران بود، به­طوری­که کاربرد 5 لیتر در هکتار نیتروکسین به همراه 10 تن در هکتار ورمی­کمپوست را می­توان برای این آزمایش توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of vermicompost and nitroxin on replacement corm characteristics and flower yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the second year

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohmmad Hosein Aminifard 1
  • Ali Oftadeh Fadafen 2
  • Farid Moradi Nezhad 3
  • Mohammad Ali Behdani 4

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Special Plants Regional Research Center, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran.

2 M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture of Medical plants Physiology, University of Birjand, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science and Special Plants Regional Research centre, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran

4 Professor Department of saffron Research, University of Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

The effects of applications of vermicompost and nitroxin on corm characteristics and flower yield of saffron were evaluated under field conditions in the research farm of Birjand University, Iran, during the cropping year 2015-2016. Treatments were of four levels of vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15 t.ha-1) and three levels of nitroxin (0, 5 and 10 L.ha-1). This experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized completely block design with three replications. The results showed that vermicompost improved the corm vegetative indices (total weight of corm, average fresh and dry weight of cormel and diameter of cormel). The highest total weight of corm was obtained in plants treated with 15 t.ha-1 vermicompost. Also results showed that vermicompost improved the saffron flower characteristics (flower number and fresh total yield, flower length, stigma fresh and dry yield) in second year of study. The highest stigma fresh (1.63 g.m-2) and dry (0.41 g.m-2) yield were obtained in plants treated with 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost, while the lowest values (0.77 and 0.21 g.m-2) were recorded in the control. Application of different levels of nitroxin has a positive effect on flower number and fresh total yield, stigma dry yield in the second year of the experiment. The highest stigma dry yield was observed in 10 L.ha-1 nitroxin (0.36 g.m-2), while the lowest value was recorded in control (0.24 g.m-2).  Application of different levels of vermicompost and nitroxin had a positive effect on the total weight of corm, average flower length and stigma fresh yield. Thus, the results showed that 5 L.ha-1  nitroxin and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost had a significant impact on replacement corm characteristics and flower yield of saffron.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Medicinal plant
  • Organic fertilizers
  • Biofertilizers
  • Stigma yield
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