زراعت و فناوری زعفران

با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

اعضای هیات تحریریه

اصول اخلاقی انتشار مقاله

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

اطلاعات آماری نشریه

اخبار و اعلانات

فرم های نشریه

راهنمای نویسندگان

بررسی امکان جایگزینی کود دامی با سایر بهبود دهنده‌های رشد آلی در زراعت زعفران (Crocus sativus L) در وزن‌های مختلف بنه مادری

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه تولید و فرآوری گیاهان استراتژیک خراسان جنوبی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی

2 مدیر مجتمع تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی

3 مدیرعامل شرکت معدنی کان شرق، خراسان جنوبی

چکیده

این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه تأثیر بهبود دهنده‌های رشد آلی (امولسیون آلی-معدنی با نام تجاری امیک، اسید­هیومیک با نام تجاری هیوماکس، کود دامی و شاهد بدون تغذیه) و وزن بنه مادری (0 تا 4 گرم، 1/4 تا 8 گرم و 1/8 تا 12 گرم) بر عملکرد گل و بنه زعفران، به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی، با سه تکرار طی سال‌های زراعی 97- 1396 و 98- 1397 در مجتمع تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی اجرا گردید. بر اساس نتایج استفاده از بهبوددهنده‌های رشد آلی در مقایسه با شاهد بر اکثر صفات مورد بررسی در سال اول کشت تأثیر معنی‌داری نداشت. اما در سال دوم و طی دوره 21 روزه گلدهی زعفران، تیمار کود دامی وزن خشک کلاله را نسبت به تیمار شاهد، هیوماکس و اُمیک به ترتیب 3/77، 7/71 و 9/58 درصد افزایش داد. با برازش خط رگرسیونی بین عملکرد تجمعی کلاله و روزهای پس از گلدهی مشخص شد که عملکرد زعفران در تیمارهای کود دامی، اُمیک، هیوماکس و شاهد به ترتیب 01/19، 43/11، 92/10 و 65/10 میلی‌گرم در روز افزایش می‌یابد. بعلاوه بالاترین وزن خشک گل در سال دوم با 2858 میلی‌گرم در مترمربع به تیمار کود دامی تعلق داشت. اما بالاترین میزان صفات مورد مطالعه در هر دو سال به تیمار بنه بزرگ و پایین‌ترین آن به تیمار بنه کوچک تعلق داشت. در سال اول وزن کلاله در تیمار بنه بزرگ با 22/82 میلی‌گرم در مترمربع نسبت به تیمار بنه کوچک حدود 190 برابر بیشتر بود؛ هرچند این اختلاف در سال دوم به کمتر از 3 برابر کاهش یافت. بعلاوه بالاترین تعداد (36/466 عدد در مترمربع) و وزن (55/936 گرم در مترمربع) بنه دختری نیز در تیمار بنه‌های مادری بزرگ به دست آمد. اما در سال دوم آزمایش با کاهش اختلاف بین سطوح وزن بنه مادری، تأثیر دو سطح بنه بزرگ و متوسط بر وزن کلاله، وزن گل و تعداد گل به لحاظ آماری معنی‌دار نبود. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که استفاده از کود دامی در زراعت زعفران به دلیل ویژگی‌های منحصربه‌فرد آن ازجمله بهبود شرایط فیزیکی خاک توسط سایر بهبوددهنده‌های رشد آلی قابل جبران نیست. بعلاوه اجتناب از کاشت بنه‌های مادری با وزن کمتر از 4 گرم به دلیل تأثیر نامطلوبی که بر عملکرد اقتصادی زعفران دارد، باید مورد توجه کشاورزان قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying the possibility of replacing manure with other organic amendments in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) cultivation at different mother corm weights

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Ebrahimi 1
  • Mohsen Pouyan 2
  • Mohammad Mahdi Nezhad 3

1 Assistant Professor of Production and Processing of Strategic Plants of Sothern Khorasan Department, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Southern Khorasan Province

2 Head of Medicinal Plants Research Complex, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Southern Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran

3 CEO of Kan Shargh Mining Corporation, Sothern Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran

چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different organic amendments (cow manure, humic acid (Humax® 95–WSG), an organic-mineral-based emulsion (Omic®) and unfertilized control) and mother-corm weight (0 to 4 g, 4.1 to 8 g and 8.1 to 12 g) on flower and corm yield of saffron. The experiment was conducted as factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Complex of Medicinal Plants, ACECR of Southern Khorasan Province, Iran in 2017-18. According the results, evaluating the main effect of nutrition factor revealed no significant impact on most studied traits in the first year. However, in the second year and during the 21-day period of saffron flowering, cow manure treatment increased stigma dry weight by 77.3, 71.7 and 58.9% compared with control, Humax and Omic treatments, respectively. By fitting the regression line between the cumulative dry weight of the stigma and days after flowering, it was found that stigma dry weight increased 19.1, 11.43, 10.92 and 10.65 mg.day-1 in cow manure, Omic, Humax and control treatments, respectively. In addition, the highest flower dry weight with 2858 mg.m-2 was recorded in cow manure treatment. The highest and lowest amount of the studeid tratis in both years belonged to big and small corm treatments, respectively. In the first year, stigma dry weight in big corm treatment with 22.28 mg.m-2 was about 190 times higher than that of small one. However the difference in the second year fell to less than 3 times. In addition, the highest number (466.36 m-2) and weight (936.559 g. m-2) of daughter corms were obtained in big mother corms treatment. In the second year however by the reduction of the differences between mother corm weight treatments, stigma dry weight, flower dry weight and number of flowers in big and medium corm treatments were not statistically significant. Overall, the results of this study showed that the advantages of using manure in saffron cultivation due to its unique characteristics, such as improving the physical conditions of the soil is not compensable by other organic amendments. Moreover, the avoidence of planting mother corms less than 4g because of their adverse effects on saffron yeild is of main importance in saffron cultivation and must be considered by farmers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organic-mineral-based emulsion
  • linear regression
  • cow manure
  • daughter corm
مراجع
Ahmadi, F., Aminifard, M.H., Khayyat, M., and Samadzadeh, A.R. 2017. Effects of different humic acid levels and planting density on antioxidant activities and active ingredients of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Saffron Agronomy and Technology 5 (1): 61-71. (In Persian with English Summary).
Ahmadi, K.., Gholizadeh, H., and Ebadzadeh, H.R. 2017. Agricultural Statistics: The Statistics of the Horticultural Products. Ministry of Agriculture, Tehran. (In Persian with English Summary).
Aiken, G.R., McKnight, D.M., Wershaw, R.L., and MacCarthy, P. 1985. Humic Substances in Soil, Sediment and Water. Wiley-Interscience, New York, USA.
Amirshekari, H., Sorooshzadeh, A., Modaress Sanavy, A., and Jalali Javaran, M. 2006. Study of effects of root temperature, corm size, and gibberellin on underground organs of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Biology 19 (1): 5-18. (In Persian with English Summary).
Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Lee, S., and Byrne, R. 2006. Effects of humic acids from vermicomposts on plant growth. European Journal of Soil Biology 42 (1): 65-69.
Behdani, M.A., Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., and Fallahi, H.R. 2016. Biomass partitioning during the life cycle of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) using regression models. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 19 (1): 71-76.
Behdani, M.A., Koochaki, A.R., Nassiri Mahalati, M., and Rezvani Moghadam, P. 2005. Evaluation of quantitative relationships between saffron yield and nutrition (on farm trial). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 3 (1): 1-14.
Behnia, M.R. 1992. Saffron Cultivation. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Boyer, J.S. 1968. Relationship of water potential to growth of leaves. Plant Physiology 43 (7): 1056-1062.
Chen, Y., and Aviad, T. 1990. Effects of humic substances on plant growth. In: MacCarthy, P., al, e. (Eds.), Humic Substances in Soil and Crop Science: Selected readings. Soil Science Society of America, USA, pp. 161-186.
Cooper, R.J., Liu, C.H., and Fisher, D.S. 1998. Influence of humic substances on rooting and nutrient content of creeping bentgrass. Crop Science 38 (6): 1639-1644.
De Juan, J.A., Córcoles, H.L., Mu˜noz, R.M., and Picornell, M.R. 2009. Yield and yield components of saffron under different cropping systems. Industrial Crops and Products 30 (2): 212-219.
Dole, J.M., and Wilkins, H.F. 1999. Floriculture: Principle and Species. Viacom Press, New Jersey.
Douglas, M.H., Smallfield, B.M., Wallace, A.R., and McGimpsey, J.A. 2014. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.): The effect of mother corm size on progeny multiplication, flower and stigma production. Scientia Horticulturae 166: 50-58.
Ebrahimi, M. 2018. Apocarotenoids of Crocus sativus L. from Biosynthesis to Pharmacology. Marandiz Publishing in collaboration with ACECR of Sothern Khorasan Province, Mashhad.
Fallahi, H.R., Zamani, G.R., Aghhavani-Shajari, M., Samadzadeh, A.R., Branca, F., and Mehrabani, M. 2017. Saffron flower and stigma yield changes in response to application of different levels of super absorbent polymer. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-product 6 (2): 145-151.
Golzari Jahan Abadi, M., Behdani, M.A., Sayyari Zahan, M.H., and Khorramdel, S. 2016. Effect of some fertilizer sources and mother corm weight on growth criteria and qualitative traits of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Saffron Research 4 (2): 172-186. (In Persian with English Summary).
Hassanzadeh Aval, F., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Bannayan Aval, M., and Khorasani, R. 2014. Effects of maternal corm weight and foliar application on replacement corm characteristics and flower yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the first year. Journal of Saffron Research 2 (1): 73-84. (In Persian with English Summary).
Herencia, J.F., Ruiz-Porras, J.C., Melero, S., Garcia-Galavis, P.A., Morillo, E., and Maqueda, C. 2007. Comparison between organic and mineral fertilization for soil fertility levels, crop macronutrient concentrations, and yield. Agronomy Journal 99 (4): 973–983.
Jahan, M., and Jahani, M. 2007. The Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Saffron Flowering. International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Leuven, Belgium, pp. 81-86.
Kafi, M., Rashed Mohasel, M.H., Koocheki, A., and Mollafilabi, A. 2002. Saffron, Production and Processing. Zaban va Adab Press, Iran. (In Persian).
Khavari, A., Behdani, M.A., Zamani, G.R., and Mahmoodi, S. 2016. Effects of planting methods and corm weight on corm and flower yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in Qaenat region. Journal of Saffron Research 4 (1): 120-133.
Koocheki, A., Fallahi, H.R., Amiri, M.B., and Ehyaei, H.R. 2016. Effects of humic acid application and mother corm weight on yield and growth of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Agroecology 7 (4): 425-442. (In Persian with English Summary).
Koocheki, A., Seyyedi, S.M., Azizi, H., and Shahriyari, R. 2014. The effects of mother corm size, organic fertilizers and micronutrient foliar application on corm yield and phosphorus uptake of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Saffron Agronomy and Technology 2 (1): 3-16.
Koocheki, A., Seyyedi, S.M., and Jamshid Eyni, M. 2014. Irrigation levels and dense planting affect flower yield and phosphorus concentration of saffron corms under semi-arid region of Mashhad. Northeast Iran. Scientia Horticulturae 180: 147-155.
Koocheki, A.R., and Sabet Teimouri, M. 2013. Effect of age of farm, corm size and manure fertilizer treatments on morphological criteria of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under Mashhad conditions. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh and Sazandegi) 27 (105): 148-157.
Koocheki, A.R., Tabrizi, L., Amin Ghafouri, A., and Khorramdel, S. 2012. Evaluation of growth charachteristics and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) by application of organic planting beds and different sowing methods. Journal of Agroecology 2 (2): 16-30.
Malakuti, M.G. 1996. Sustainable Agriculture and Yield Increase with Optimization Use Fertilizer in Iran. Instruction Agriculture Publication, Tehran. (In Persian).
Munshi, A.M. 1994. Effect of N and K on the floral yield and corm production in saffron under rainfed condition. Indian Aricanut and Spices Journal 18: 24-44.
Omidi, H., Naghdi Badi, H., Golzad, A., Torabi, H., and Fotoukiyan, M. 2009. The effect of chemical and bio-fertilizer source of nitrogen on qualitive and quantitative of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants 2 (30): 98-109. (In Persian with English Summary).
Osmani Roudi, H.R., Masoumi, A., Hamidi, H., and Razavi, S.A.L., 2015. Effects of first irrigation date and organic fertilizer treatments on Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) yield under Khaf climatic conditions. Saffron Agronomy and Technology 3 (1): 25-33.
Patra, D.D., Anwar, M., and Chand, S. 2000. Integrated nutrient management and waste recycling for restoring soil fertility and productivity in Japanese mint and mustard sequence in Uttar Pradesh, India. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 80 (3): 267-275.
Renau-Morata, B., Nebauer, S.G., Sánchez, M., and Molina, R.V. 2012. Effect of corm size: water stress and cultivation conditions on photosynthesis and biomass partitioning during the vegetative growth of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Industrial Crops and Products 39: 40-46.
Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Khorramdel, S., Amin Ghafori, A., and Shabahang, J., 2013. Evaluation of growth and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) affected by spent mushroom compost and corm density. Journal of Saffron Research 1 (1): 13-26.
Sabzevari, S., and Khazaie, H.R. 2009. The effect of foliar application with humic acid on growth, yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agroecology 1 (2): 53-63.
Sabzevari, S., Khazaie, H.R., and Kafi, M. 2010. Studying the effects of humic acid on germination of four wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 8 (3): 473-480. (In Persian).
Sahabi, H., Jahan, M., Koocheki, A.R., and Nassiri Mahallati, M., 2017. Effect of mother corm weight and foliar application of nutrients on flower and corm yield of Spanish and Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Saffron Agronomy and Technology 5 (2): 123-131.
Sharifi Ashoor Abadi, A. 1998. Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Agroecosystems. Islamic Azad Univesity of Oloum Tahghighat, Tehran, Iran.
زراعت و فناوری زعفران
دوره 8، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 27
بهار 1399 زراعت و فناوری زعفران
فروردین 1399
صفحه 37-57
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار