زراعت و فناوری زعفران

با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

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سنجش کارایی صادرات زعفران ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

کارایی صادرات بیانگر فاصله میزان صادرات واقعی صادرکنندگان از ظرفیت صادراتی بالقوه آن­ها در بازارهای هدف است که امروزه سنجش آن اهمیت قابل توجهی در راستای توسعه صادرات و تحلیل رقابت­پذیری آن­ها دارد. صادرات زعفران به عنوان با ارزش­ترین محصول کشاورزی جهان، اهمیت زیادی برای ایران دارد که در سال­های اخیر با کاهش­ روبرو بوده است. از این رو، نیاز است ابعاد مختلف آن مورد تحلیل و ارزیابی قرار گیرد. با توجه به نبود مطالعه­ای در خصوص کارایی صادرات زعفران، این مطالعه به دنبال سنجش کارایی صادرات ایران در 14 کشور مهم واردکننده زعفران است که بیش از 90 درصد واردات را به خود اختصاص داده­اند. جهت محاسبه کارایی، داده­های صادرات زعفران ایران به بازارهای هدف در دوره زمانی 2017-2001 با استفاده از الگوی جاذبه مرزی تصادفی برآورد شده است. نتایج کارایی بیانگر این است که کارایی صادرات زعفران ایران در گروه کشورهای مورد نظر در سال 2017 برابر با 45/0 است. تحلیل کشوری بیانگر این است که ایران در کشورهای اسپانیا (93/0) و امارات متحده عربی (87/0) به ترتیب بیش­ترین کارایی را داشته و در کشورهای ژاپن (07/0) و انگلستان (13/0) کم­ترین کارایی را داشته است. بر اساس نتایج، کارایی صادرات در بازارهای آسیایی افزایش یافته و از 31/0 در سال 2001 به 41/0 در سال 2017 رسیده است. با توجه به اثر مثبت متغیر منطقه­ای آسیا و نقش منفی فاصله جغرافیایی بر صادرات زعفران ایران و همچنین تغییر شبکه جهانی واردات زعفران از اروپا به آسیا، پیشنهاد می­شود که بازارهای آسیایی که از مزیت­های رقابتی بالاتری برای ایران برخوردار است، بیش از پیش مورد توجه سیاست­گذاران جهت صادرات زعفران قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Measuring the Export Efficiency of Iran’s Saffron

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Mohammadi 1
  • Milad Aminizadeh 2
  • Hanane Aghasafari 2

1 Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 PhD Candidate of Agricultural Economics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

چکیده [English]

Export efficiency is the difference between actual exports and potential exports of exporting countries in destination markets, which nowadays measuring the efficiency has considerable importance in terms of export development and their competitiveness analysis. The export of saffron, as the most valuable agricultural product in the world, is of great importance to Iran, which has decreased in recent years. Therefore, its various dimensions need to be analyzed and evaluated. Due to the lack of a study on the efficiency of saffron exports, this study attempts to measure the export efficiency of Iran in 14 major saffron importers, which accounted for more than 90% of imports. To calculate the efficiency, the data of Iranian saffron exports to destination markets in the period of 2001-2017 have been estimated using a stochastic frontier gravity model. Efficiency results indicated that the efficiency of Iranian saffron exports in 2017 is equal to 0.45. The country analysis shows that Iran has the highest efficiency in Spain (0.93) and the United Arab Emirates (0.87), respectively, and has the lowest efficiency in Japan (0.07) and the United Kingdom (0.13), respectively. According to the results, the efficiency of exports in Asian markets has increased from 0.31 in 2001 to 0.41 in 2017. Considering the positive effect of the Asian regional variable and the negative role of geographical distance on Iranian saffron exports and also the change of the global network of saffron imports from Europe to Asia, it is suggested that Asian markets, which have higher competitive advantages for Iran, be considered by policymakers for saffron exports.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Export efficiency
  • Export potentials
  • Stochastic frontier gravity model
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زراعت و فناوری زعفران
دوره 10، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 35
بهار 1401
فروردین 1401
صفحه 69-83
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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