با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

3 دانشیارگروه زراعت، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

زعفران در بسیاری از مناطق جهان با اقلیم‌های مختلف کشت می‌شود. اما بهترین اقلیم برای رشد آن آب و هوای مدیترانه‌ای با تابستان خشک می‌باشد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور ارزیابی برخی شاخص‌های رشد زعفران در سال 99-1398 در چهار منطقه با ارتفاع متفاوت از سطح دریا در شهرستان ساری انجام شد. این مناطق شامل دشت ساری (هم‌تراز با سطح دریا)، سرکت (350 متر بالاتر از سطح دریا)، رسکت (900 متر بالاتر از سطح دریا) و مرگاو (1350 متر بالاتر از سطح دریا) می باشد. آزمایش حاضر در هر منطقه در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمار آزمایش شامل اندازه بنه در سه گروه وزنی ریز (2±4 گرم)، متوسط (2±10 گرم) و درشت (2±15 گرم) و صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل شاخص سطح برگ، ماده خشک تجمعی، سرعت رشد، سرعت نسبی رشد و عملکرد زعفران بود. نتایج نشان داد که روند توسعه سطح برگ زعفران در تمامی مناطق تحت مطالعه روندی غیرخطی داشته و از تابعی لجستیک-پیک پیروی می‌کند. بر اساس نتایج، تفاوت قابل توجهی بین روند توسعه سطح برگ در میان اندازه‌های مختلف بنه مادری در همه مناطق مشاهده شد و روند تغییرات شاخص سطح برگ طی فصل رشد برای بنه درشت‌تر نسبت به بنه‌های ریزتر از میزان بالاتری برخوردار بود. روند تغییرات تجمع ماده خشک نیز در تمامی مناطق مورد آزمایش از یک روند سیگموئیدی برخوردار بود. ینه درشت میزان تجمع ماده خشک بالاتری در طی فصل رشد نشان داد. اگر چه روند تغییرات سرعت رشد زعفران در مناطق با ارتفاع بالاتر از سطح پایین‌تری برخوردار بود؛ اما میزان نوسان سرعت رشد و یا بعبارتی اختلاف بین حداقل و حداکثر سرعت رشد طی فصل در دو منطقه مرتفع‌تر نسبت به مناطق پست‌تر کمتر بود. روند رشد زعفران در چهار منطقه نشان داد که در مناطق با ارتفاع بیشتر از سطح دریا طول فصل رشد بیشتر می‌شود و بدنبال رشد رویشی بیشتر و تخصیص ماده خشک بیشتر به اندام ذخیره‌ای، بنه بزرگتری تولید و پتانسیل افزایش عملکرد گل و کلاله خشک زعفران در سال بعد افزایش می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes of some growth indices and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in different altitudes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Jalali 1
  • Faezeh Zaefarian 2
  • Benjamin Torabi 3
  • Rahmat Abbasi 4

1 PhD Student of Crop Ecology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran

چکیده [English]

Saffron can be cultivated in many regions of the world with different climates. But the best climate for growing saffron is the Mediterranean climate with its warm and dry summers. The present study was conducted to evaluate some indicators of saffron growth in 2019-2020 in four region with different altitudes above sea level in Sari, Iran. These regions include Sari plain (level with sea level), Sarkat (350 meters above sea level), Reskat (900 meters above sea level) and Margav (1350 meters above sea level). These experiments were performed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment was includes corm size in three weight groups: small (4±2 g), medium (10±2 g) and large (15±2 g) and Measured traits include leaf area index, cumulative dry matter, growth rate, relative growth rate and saffron yield. The results showed that the trend of saffron leaf area development in all studied regions has a non-linear trend and follows a logistic-peak function. Based on the results, a significant difference was observed between the leaf area development trend among different sizes of mother corm in all regions and the trend of leaf area index changes during the growing season was higher for larger corms than for smaller corms. The trend of changes in dry matter accumulation also had a sigmoidal trend in all experiment region. Total dry matter changes were higher for larger corms. Although the trend of changes in crop growth rate in higher altitude region was lower; But the rate of growth rate fluctuation or in other words the difference between the minimum and maximum growth rate during the season in the two higher regions was less than the lower regions. The growth trend of saffron in four regions showed that it grows during the season in region with higher altitudes above sea level and following more vegetative growth and more dry matter allocation to the storage organ, larger corm is produced and the potential to increase the yield of dried saffron flowers and stigmas will increase next year.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corm size
  • Crop growth rate
  • Leaf area index
  • Total dry matter
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