زراعت و فناوری زعفران

زراعت و فناوری زعفران

تأثیر کاربرد سطوح مختلف ماده آلی بر کاهش اثرات منفی تنش خشکی در گیاه زعفران (Crocus sativus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
روح الله مرادی 1، 2
شیما رمضانی 3
سیدمسعود ضیائی 4، 2
1 دانشیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پژوهشگر پژوهشکده زعفران، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران
2 پژوهشگر پژوهشکده زعفران، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم مهندسی باغبانی، تولید محصولات گلخانه‌ای، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران
4 استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پژوهشگر پژوهشکده زعفران، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران
10.22048/jsat.2024.476495.1540
چکیده
زعفران دارای مقاومت نسبی به تنش خشکی است، اما تایید شده است به دلیل عدم توسعه‏یافتگی ریشه‏های این گیاه، تنش خشکی باعث کاهش رشد و عملکرد زعفران می‏شود. در این تحقیق به‏منظور بررسی پتانسیل ماده آلی بر کاهش شدت تنش خشکی بر گیاه زعفران، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار به‏صورت گلدانی در دانشگاه تربت حیدریه در سال 1403-1402 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل دو سطح تنش خشکی (عدم تنش (90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و تنش (50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی)) و اضافه کردن پنج سطح ماده آلی (ترکیب کود دامی و خاکبرگ به نسبت 3 به 1) به خاک شامل 5/2، 5، 10، 20 و 40 درصد بود و در تیمار شاهد از هیچ ماده آلی استفاده نشد. صفات مورد بررسی شامل طول برگ، وزن برگ، وزن ریشه، تعداد بنه، وزن بنه، کارایی مصرف آب و غلظت و جذب عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم بود. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد تنش خشکی در کلیه سطوح ماده آلی، تأثیر منفی بر صفات رشدی مورد بررسی داشت. به‏عنوان مثال در تیمار عدم مصرف ماده الی، کمبود آب به ترتیب منجر به کاهش 67 و 58 درصدی میانگین وزن بنه و کلاله نسبت به عدم تنش شد. در کلیه سطوح ماده آلی، غلظت نیتروژن و پتاسیم در شرایط تنش بیشتر از عدم تنش بود ولی غلظت فسفر در شرایط عدم تنش بیشتر از تنش بود. کاربرد کلیه سطوح ماده آلی منجر به افزایش شاخص‏های مورد بررسی هم در شرایط تنش و هم عدم تنش شد که اثر آن در شرایط تنش مشهودتر بود. در شرایط عدم تنش، اختلاف معنی‏داری از نظر صفات مورد بررسی بین سطوح 20 و 40 درصد ماده آلی مشاهده نشد ولی در شرایط تنش خشکی، بیشترین میزان صفات مورد ارزیابی در زمان استفاده از 40 درصد ماده آلی بدست آمد که اختلاف معنی‏داری با دیگر سطوح دارا بود. در شرایط تنش خشکی، کاربرد 40 درصد ماده آلی منجر به افزایش میانگین وزن بنه از 13/2 به 34/8 گرم شد. در سطوح 0، 5/2، 5، 10 و 20 درصد ماده آلی کارایی مصرف آب در شرایط عدم تنش به‎طور معنی‏داری بیشتر از کمبود آب بود ولی این شاخص در سطح 40 درصد ماده آلی در شرایط تنش خشکی (82/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) به‎طور معنی‏داری بیشتر از عدم تنش (48/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) بود. به‎طورکلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که کاربرد ماده آلی می‏تواند به میزان چشم‏گیری اثرات منفی تنش خشکی را تعدیل نموده و باعث افزایش معنی‏دار رشد برگ و بنه زعفران در این شرایط شود. در کشت گلدانی، باتوجه به کارایی اقتصادی کاربرد 20 درصد ماده آلی در شرایط تنش توصیه می شود. برای اجرا در مقیاس بزرگتر، نیاز است این آزمایش برای شرایط مزرعه‏ای نیز مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بنه
خاک برگ
عناصر غذایی
کارایی مصرف آب
کود گاوی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of Applying Different Organic Matter Levels on Mitigating Drought Stress in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

نویسندگان English

Rooholla Moradi 1 2
Shima Ramezani 3
Seyed Masoud Ziaei 4 2
1 Associate Prof. Department of Plant Production, Researcher of Saffron Institute, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
2 Researcher of Saffron Institute, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
3 MSc. Student. Department of Plant Production, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
4 Assistant Prof. Department of Plant Production, Researcher of Saffron Institute, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
چکیده English

Saffron, despite exhibiting relative resistance to drought stress, is known to experience reduced growth and yield under drought conditions due to its underdeveloped root system. This study aimed to investigate the potential of organic matter in mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress on saffron. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in the pot at the  University of Torbat Heydarieh in 2023-2024. Treatments included two levels of drought stress (non-stress (90% field capacity) and stress (50% field capacity)) and six levels of organic matter (a mixture of manure and leaf-soil in a 3:1 ratio) applied to the soil at rates of 0, 2. 5, 5, 10, 20, and 40%. The studied traits included leaf length, leaf weight, root weight, corm number, corm weight, water use efficiency, and the concentration and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Results showed that across all the OM treatments, drought stress had a negative impact on all growth traits. For instance, water deficit led to a 67% and 58% decrease in average corm weight and stigma DW compared to non-stress conditions, respectively. Nitrogen and potassium concentrations were higher under stress conditions across all organic matter levels, while phosphorus concentration was higher under non-stress conditions. The application of all organic matter levels increased the studied traits under both stress and non-stress conditions, with a more pronounced effect under stress. Under non-stress conditions, there was no significant difference between the 20% and 40% organic matter levels for the studied traits, while under drought stress, the highest values were obtained at the 40% organic matter level, with significant differences compared to other levels. The application of 40% organic matter increased the average corm weight from 13.2 g to 34.8 g under drought stress. At 0, 2. 5, 5, 10, and 20% organic matter levels, water use efficiency was significantly higher under non-stress conditions compared to water deficit, but at the 40% organic matter level, this index was significantly higher under drought stress (1. 82 kg.m-3) than under non-stress conditions (1. 48 kg.m-3). Overall, the results of this study indicated that the application of organic matter can significantly mitigate the negative effects of drought stress and lead to a significant increase in leaf and corm growth of saffron under these conditions. In pot or greenhouse planting, considering the economic efficiency, the application of 20% organic matter is recommended under drought stress conditions. For verification on a larger scale, this experiment needs to be evaluated for field conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Corm
Leaf mold
micronutrients
water use efficiency
Cow manure
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