با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

ارزیابی اثر کودهای زیستی حاوی باکتری های تثبیت کننده عناصر بر تولید زعفران در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه پژوهشی بهینه سازی تولید و فراوری گیاهان دارویی بومی خراسان جنوبی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد بیولوژی گیاهی، مجتمع تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه پژوهشی زعفران، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری صنایع غذایی، گروه پژوهشی بهینه سازی تولید و فراوری گیاهان دارویی بومی خراسان جنوبی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

5 دکتری صنایع غذایی، گروه پژوهشی بهینه سازی تولید و فراوری گیاهان دارویی بومی خراسان جنوبی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

6 کارشناس ارشد زراعت، گروه پژوهشی بهینه سازی تولید و فراوری گیاهان دارویی بومی خراسان جنوبی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان جنوبی، بیرجند، ایران.

7 پژوهشگر، پژوهشکده زعفران، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران.

8 استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران.

چکیده
به منظور ارزیابی اثر کودهای زیستی حاوی باکتری های تثبیت کننده عناصر بر تولید زعفران در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در دو سال متوالی (سال زراعی 1400- 1399 و 1401-1400) در مجتمع تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی واحد خراسان جنوبی اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل دو سطح تنش خشکی (50 و 100% نیاز آبی زعفران) و شش سطح کودی (شاهد، 100% NPK ، 50% NPK ، 50% NPK + 3 کود زیستی، 50% NPK + 4 کود زیستی، 3 کود زیستی) بود. بر اساس نتایج وزن خشک گل، وزن خشک جام گل+پرچم، تعداد گل و وزن بنه دختری در هر دو سال با افزایش شدت خشکی کاهش یافت. همچنین تنش خشکی در سال دوم نسبت به سال اول تأثیر بیشتری بر کاهش این صفات داشت. استفاده از تیمار سه کود زیستی حاوی باکتری به همراه نصف میزان توصیه شده از کودهای شیمیایی حاوی ازت، فسفر و پتاس (تیمار 50% NPK + 3 کود زیستی) در هر دو سال انجام آزمایش منجر به دستیابی به بالاترین میزان وزن خشک کلاله، وزن خشک گل، وزن خشک جام گل+پرچم و تعداد گل شد. بااین‌وجود حذف کامل کودهای شیمیایی و اعمال کودهای زیستی به‌تنهایی (تیمار 3 کود زیستی بدون استفاده ازکودهای شیمیایی) تأثیر معنی داری بر بهبود عملکرد زعفران نداشت. افزایش شدت تنش خشکی تاثیر معنی داری بر تعداد بنه و میانگین وزن یک بنه نداشت، اما سبب کاهش معنی دار وزن بنه شد. بالاترین وزن بنه در واحد سطح در تیمار استفاده همزمان از چهار کود زیستی به همراه نصف میزان توصیه شده از کودهای شیمیایی حاوی ازت، فسفر وپتاس (تیمار 50% NPK + 4 کود زیستی) بدست آمد که نسبت به تیمار شاهد تقریبا سه برابر بیشتر بود. این نتایج نشان می دهد که استفاده همزمان از کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی در تامین نیازهای گیاه زعفران برای تولید تعداد بنه بیشتر و کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی قابل توصیه است. در مجموع نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که جایگزینی کودهای زیستی بجای بخشی از کود شیمیایی مورداستفاده در مزارع زعفران هم در حضور یا عدم حضور تنش خشکی امکان‌پذیر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluating the effect of bio-fertilizers containing element-fixing bacteria on saffron production under drought stress conditions.

نویسندگان English

Mahdi Ebrahimi 1
Mohsen Pouyan 2
Mohammad Ali Behdani 3
Sareh Hosseini 4
Tayebeh Shahi 5
Hossein Ragh Ara 6
Hossein Sahabi 7 8
1 1- Assistant Professor, Department of Optimization of Production and Processing of South Khorasan's Indigenous Medicinal Plants, ACECR of Southern Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran
2 MSc. of plant biology, Medicinal Plants Research Complex, ACECR of Southern Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran.
3 Professor,Saffron Research Group, University of Birjand, Iran
4 4- Ph.D. candidate of food industry, Department of Optimization of Production and Processing of South Khorasan's Indigenous Medicinal Plants, ACECR of Southern Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran.
5 5- Ph.D. of food industry, Department of Optimization of Production and Processing of South Khorasan's Indigenous Medicinal Plants, ACECR of Southern Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran.
6 6- MSc. of agronomy, Department of Optimization of Production and Processing of South Khorasan's Indigenous Medicinal Plants, ACECR of Southern Khorasan Province, Birjand, Iran.
7 Researcher of Saffron Institute, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.
8 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture. University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.
چکیده English

To evaluate the effect of bi-ofertilizers containing element-fixing bacteria on saffron production under drought stress conditions, an experiment was carried out in split plots and a basic RCBD design in two consecutive years (2020-2021 and 2021-2022) in ACECR's research complex for medicinal plants. Experimental treatments included two levels of drought stress (50 and 100% of saffron water requirement) and six levels of fertilizer (control, 100%NPK, 50%NPK, 50%NPK+three biofertilizers, 50%NPK+four biofertilizers, three biofertilizers). Based on the results, the dry weight of the flower, the dry weight of the corolla and stamen, the number of flowers, and the weight of the daughter corms decreased in both years with increasing drought intensity. Also, drought stress in the second year had a more significant effect on reducing these traits. In both years, the use of biofertilizers containing bacteria, along with half of the recommended amount of chemical fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash (50% NPK + three biofertilizers), led to the achievement of the highest dry weight of stigma, dry weight of flower, dry weight of corola + stamen and number of flowers per unit area. However, the complete removal of chemical fertilizers (three Biofertilizers without chemical fertilizers) had no significant effect on the improving saffron yield. The increase in drought stress severity did not significantly impact the number of corms or the average weight of each corm; however, it did lead to a notable reduction in corm weight. Treatment of simultaneous use of four biofertilizers along with half of the recommended amount of chemical fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash (50% NPK + four biofertilizers) resulted in the highest corm weight per unit area, achieving a value nearly three times greater than that of the control treatment. These findings suggest that the concurrent application of biological and chemical fertilizers is advisable for fulfilling the nutritional requirements of saffron plants, promoting corm production while minimizing the reliance on chemical fertilizers. In summary, the results of this study indicate that biological fertilizers can effectively substitute a portion of the chemical fertilizers traditionally used in saffron cultivation, regardless of the presence or absence of drought stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

correlation
daughter corm
evaporation pan
field capacity
stigma
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