با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

مطالعه عملکرد زراعی و سودآوری اقتصادی کشت مخلوط زیره سبز و زعفران تحت شرایط اقلیمی منطقه قهستان خراسان جنوبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی و عضو گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌های محیطی و گروه پژوهشی زعفران، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده
این تحقیق به منظور بررسی جنبه‌های زراعی و اقتصادی کشت مخلوط افزایشی زیره سبز و زعفران در منطقه قهستان استان خراسان جنوبی و در مزرعه تحقیقاتی زیر نظر دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال زراعی ۱۴۰۲- ۱۴۰۱ انجام گرفت. به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد زعفران در کشت مخلوط با زیره سبز، آزمایشی به صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در داخل مزرعه زعفران سه ساله کاملا یکنواخت انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تراکم‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط افزایشی زیره سبز در زعفران، شامل صفر، ۳۰، ۶۰ و ۱۲۰ بوته در مترمربع (به ترتیب معادل صفر، ۲۵، ۵۰ و ۱۰۰ درصد تراکم مطلوب آن) بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که شاخص LER در تمامی تیمارهای مورد آزمایش، بالاتر از یک بود. مطابق نتایج، بیشترین عملکرد کلاله زعفران در تیمار مخلوط با ۶۰ بوته زیره سبز در مترمربع به میزان ۴۱/۰ کیلوگرم در هکتار حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان شاخص برابری زمین، ۹۴/۱ و ۹۲/۱ به ترتیب در تیمار ۳۰ و ۶۰ بوته زیره سبز در مترمربع به‌دست آمد. مجموع ارزش نسبی (RVT) نیز در تمامی نسبت‌های کشت، بیشتر از یک بود. بیشترین مقدار شاخص سودمندی اقتصادی(IA) به میزان ۰۷۴/۰ نیز در تیمار مخلوط زعفران با ۶۰ بوته زیره سبز در مترمربع، حاصل شد. از این رو، نسبت‌های کشت مخلوط افزایشی زیره سبز در مزارع زعفران به ویژه تراکم 60 بوته زیره سبز در مترمربع، ضمن عدم تأثیر معنی‌دار بر عملکرد زعفران، به جهت استفاده بهتر از زمین و سودمندی اقتصادی، به کشاورزان این منطقه توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Study of crop yield and economic advantage of cumin and saffron intercropping under climatic conditions of Qohestan region, South Khorasan province

نویسندگان English

Abbas Ghorbani 1
Sohrab Mahmoodi 2
Seyed Vahid Eslami 2
Hamid Reza Fallahi 2
1 Ph.D. Student of Agrotechnology – Crop Ecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Agrotechnology – Crop Ecology, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
چکیده English

This study aimed to explore the agronomic and economic implications of intercropping cumin and saffron in the Ghohestan region of South Khorasan province at a private research farm, under the supervision of the faculty of agriculture, University of Birjand, during the 2022-2023 period. To assess saffron's performance when intercropped with cumin, an experiment was set up based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in a uniform three-year-old saffron field. The experimental treatments involved different densities of cumin cultivation in the saffron field, including 0, 30, 60, and 120 plants per square meter (0, 25, 50, and 100% of its optimal density, respectively). The findings revealed that the LER index exceeded one in all treatment groups. The highest saffron stigma yield, recorded at 0.41 kg/ha, was achieved with an intercropping density of 60 cumin plants per square meter. The highest LER values were 1.94 and 1.92, obtained in the treatments with 30 and 60 cumin plants per square meter, respectively. Additionally, the Relative Value Total (RVT) was above one across all intercropping ratios. The greatest Intercropping Advantage index (IA), recorded at 0.074, was also achieved with the 60 plants per square meter cumin treatment. Consequently, increasing the cumin planting density in saffron fields, particularly at 60 plants per square meter, did not significantly affect saffron yield, leading to a recommendation for farmers in this region to adopt this practice for improved land use and economic benefit.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Advantage of intercropping
LER
Medicinal plants
RVT
Saffron Stigma
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