زراعت و فناوری زعفران
با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

اثر غلظت‌های مختلف اکسین بر تخصیص وزن بنه، ویژگی‌های زایشی و عملکرد کلاله زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) در کشت ایروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

روح الله مرادی 1، 2
حسن فیضی 1، 2
امیرحسین سعیدنژاد 3
آرش قلعه گلاب 4، 5

1 دانشیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران

2 پژوهشکده زعفران، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران

3 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی (AREEO)، کرمان، ایران

4 استادیار وابسته در دانشگاه ورمانت، ایالات متحده آمریکا

5 پژوهشگر مؤسسه رودیل

https://doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2026.557109.1574
چکیده
چکیده
این پژوهش به‌منظور ارزیابی اثرات پرایمینگ بنه‌های زعفران با غلظت‌های مختلف اکسین (0، 1، 2.5، 5، 10، 25، 50، 100، 250، 500 و 1000 پی‌پی‌ام) بر صفات رویشی، زایشی و تکثیری در شرایط کشت ایروپونیک انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال‌های 2021–2022 در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد پاسخ زعفران به پیش‌تیمار با NAA عمدتاً وابسته به دز بوده و الگوی دو‌فازی را نشان می‌دهد. بیشترین تحریک ظهور جوانه‌های جانبی در غلظت‌های پایین مشاهده شد، به‌طوری‌که غلظت‌های 5 و 10 پی‌پی‌ام به‌ترتیب موجب افزایش معنی‌دار میانگین تعداد جوانه‌های جانبی به میزان حدود 75 و 66 درصد نسبت به شاهد شدند. در مقابل، غلظت‌های میانی (به‌ویژه 50 و 100 پی‌پی‌ام) تا حدودی تشکیل جوانه را مهار کردند و کمترین مقدار (4/1 جوانه) در غلظت 250 پی‌پی‌ام ثبت شد. صفات زایشی از یک روند درجه‌دومی وابسته به دز پیروی کردند، به‌گونه‌ای که بیشترین تعداد گل، عملکرد گل و وزن خشک کلاله در غلظت 250 پی‌پی‌ام به‌دست آمد. همچنین طول برگ (4/14 سانتی‌متر) و وزن خشک برگ (68/28 گرم در بوته) در این غلظت به بیشینه رسید. از نظر تکثیر بنه، بیشترین تعداد بنه‌های زایشی به ازای هر 100 بنه مادری در غلظت 10 پی‌پی‌ام (525 بنه) و کمترین مقدار (258 بنه) در غلظت 250 پی‌پی‌ام مشاهده شد. با این حال، میانگین وزن بنه زایشی در غلظت 250 پی‌پی‌ام به حداکثر مقدار (06/11 گرم) رسید. توزیع وزن بنه به‌طور قابل‌توجهی تحت تأثیر غلظت اکسین قرار گرفت؛ به‌طوری‌که دزهای پایین (5–10 پی‌پی‌ام) منجر به تولید سهم بیشتری از بنه‌های کوچک (<5 گرم؛ حدود 73% در 5 پی‌پی‌ام و 63٪ در 10 پی‌پی‌ام) شدند، در حالی‌که غلظت 250 پی‌پی‌ام سهم بنه‌های درشت (>10 گرم) را به حدود 45٪ افزایش داد. در مجموع، نتایج نشان می‌دهد که غلظت‌های پایین اکسین (5–10 پی‌پی‌ام) برای تکثیر انبوه مناسب‌تر هستند، در حالی‌که سطوح میانی، به‌ویژه 250 پی‌پی‌ام، برای افزایش عملکرد گل و تولید بنه‌های درشت‌تر که از نظر اقتصادی و تولیدی مطلوب‌ترند، توصیه می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اکسین
بنه
جوانه جانبی
کلاله
اسید نفتالین‌استیک
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of varying auxin concentrations on corm weight allocation, reproductive characteristics, and stigma yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under aeroponic culture

نویسندگان English

Rooholla Moradi 1 2
Hassan Feizi 1 2
Amir Hossein Saeidnejad 3
Arash Ghalehgolabbehbahani 4 5
1 Department of Plant Production, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
2 Saffron Institute, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
3 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran
4 Adjunct Assistant Professor at University of Vermont, USA
5 Research Director at Rodale Institute
چکیده English

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of priming saffron corms with different auxin concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg.kg-1) on vegetative, reproductive, and propagation traits under aeroponic conditions. A completely randomized design with three replications was used during 2021–2022 at the research laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran. The results revealed that saffron responses to NAA pre-treatment were predominantly dose-dependent and exhibited a biphasic pattern. At the propagative level, the greatest stimulation of lateral bud emergence occurred at lower concentrations. Specifically, 5 and 10 mg.kg-1 significantly increased the mean number of lateral buds by approximately 75% and 66%, respectively, compared with the control. Conversely, intermediate concentrations, particularly 50 and 100 mg.kg-1, partially inhibited bud formation. The lowest value (1.4 buds) was observed at 250 mg.kg-1. Reproductive traits followed a quadratic, dose-responsive trend. The maximum values for flower number, flower yield, and stigma dry weight were observed at 250 mg.kg-1. Leaf length (14.4 cm) and leaf dry weight (2.68 g per plant) also peaked at this concentration. With respect to corm multiplication, the highest number of reproductive corms per 100 mother corms was recorded at 10 mg.kg-1 (525 corms). The lowest value (258 corms) was observed at 250 mg.kg-1. However, the mean reproductive corm weight was maximized at 250 mg.kg-1(11.06 g). The distribution of corm weight was strongly influenced by auxin concentration. Lower doses (5–10 mg.kg-1) produced a higher proportion of small corms (<5 g; ≈73% at 5 mg.kg-1 and ≈63% at 10 mg.kg-1), whereas 250 mg.kg-1increased the proportion of large corms (>10 g) to about 45%. Overall, the findings indicate that lower auxin concentrations (5–10 mg.kg-1) are more suitable for mass propagation. Intermediate concentrations particularly 250 mg.kg-1 are recommended to enhance flower yield and produce larger corms, which are desirable for economic and production purposes.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Auxin, Corm
Lateral bud
Stigma
Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)
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