با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

تعیین عوامل کلیدی زراعی و محیطی موثر بر عملکرد و کیفیت زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) با استفاده از رگرسیون LASSO

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه اگروتکنولوژی - دانشکده کشاورزی - دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استاد، گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار، گروه ایمنی و کنترل کیفیت مواد غذایی، موسسه پژوهشی علوم و صنایع غذایی (RIFST)، مشهد، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده
زعفران یک محصول با ارزش و از نظر استراتژیک و اقتصادی، به ویژه در مناطق نیمه‌خشک ایران، اهمیت بالایی دارد. عملکرد و کیفیت آن تحت تأثیر تعاملات پیچیده‌ای از عوامل زراعی، محیطی و مدیریتی قرار دارد. هدف از این مطالعه، شناسایی و تحلیل پیش‌بین عوامل کلیدی مؤثر بر عملکرد زعفران (عملکرد کلاله در هکتار و در هر کیلوگرم گل تازه) و شاخص‌های کیفیت (کروسین، پیکروکروسین و سافرانال) با استفاده از رویکرد داده‌محور بود. در سال 1401، داده‌ها از 99 مزرعه زعفران در 8 شهرستان استان خراسان رضوی جمع‌آوری شد که شامل 75 متغیر در زمینه‌های اقلیمی، خاکی، مدیریتی و ویژگی‌های مرتبط با کشاورز بود. برای تحلیل و انتخاب متغیرها، از رگرسیون لاسو (LASSO) با اعتبارسنجی 10 برابری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد کلاله در هکتار عمدتاً تحت تأثیر میزان کاشت بنه، کود آلی، وزن بنه و مساحت مزرعه قرار دارد که مقدار R² برابر با 63/0 و RMSE برابر با 75/3 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد. برای عملکرد کلاله به ازای هر کیلوگرم گل تازه، فسفر، وزن بنه و تراکم کاشت به‌عنوان پیش‌بین‌های مثبت قوی شناخته شدند که مقدار R² برابر با 70/0 و RMSE برابر با 69/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم داشت. تأثیرات مثبت متوسطی برای کود آلی و دفعات آبیاری مشاهده شد، در حالی که اثرات غیرخطی نشان‌دهنده پاسخ‌های آستانه‌ای برای اندازه بنه و آبیاری بودند. برای ویژگی‌های کیفی، فسفر به‌عنوان پیش‌بین مثبت غالب برای کروسین (β = 18.3) و پیکروکروسین (β = 3.97) شناخته شد، در حالی که ارتفاع و دفعات محلول پاشی تأثیر منفی بر پیکروکروسین و سافرانال داشتند. اثرات کودهای نیتروژنی و گوگرد جزئی و غیرخطی بودند. مدل‌های ساده‌شده دقت پیش‌بینی را حفظ کردند (R² = 0.70) و کاربردپذیری عملی را بهبود بخشیدند. این یافته‌ها بر اهمیت مدیریت کاربرد مکان‌مند فسفر، نظارت بر کیفیت بنه‌ها و بهینه‌سازی آبیاری برای افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت زعفران تأکید دارند. رگرسیون LASSO به‌طور مؤثر متغیرهای تأثیرگذار را شناسایی کرد و از کشاورزی دقیق و ابزارهای پشتیبانی تصمیم‌گیری برای تولید پایدار زعفران در شرایط نیمه‌خشک، پشتیبانی می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Determining Key Agronomic and Environmental Drivers of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Yield and Quality Using LASSO Regression

نویسندگان English

Abdollah Dorpoor Sorkhsarayi 1
Mehdi Rastgoo 2
Ghorbanali Asadi 1
Javad Feizy 3
Mohammadhasan Fallah 4
1 PhD student in Agrotechnology, Weed Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 Professor, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
3 Associate Professor, Department of Food Safety and Quality Control, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
4 PhD graduate in Crop Ecology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده English

Saffron is a high-value crop of strategic and economic importance in Iran, particularly in semi-arid regions. Its productivity and quality are influenced by complex interactions among agronomic, environmental, and management factors. This study aimed to identify and analyze the key determinants of saffron yield (stigma yield per hectare and per kilogram of fresh flowers) and quality indices (crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal) using a datadriven approach. In 2023, data were collected from 99 saffron farms across eight counties in Razavi Khorasan Province, encompassing 75 variables that recorded climate, soil, management practices, and farmer demographics. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression with 10-fold cross-validation was applied for variable selection and predictive analysis. Results indicated that stigma yield per hectare was primarily influenced by corm planting rate, organic fertilizer, corm weight, and field area, achieving R² = 0.63 and RMSE = 3.75 kg.ha⁻¹. For stigma yield per kilogram of fresh flowers, phosphorus fertilization, corm weight, and planting density were the strongest positive predictors, with R² = 0.70 and RMSE = 0.69 g.kg⁻¹. Moderate positive effects were observed for organic fertilizer and irrigation frequency, while quadratic effects suggested threshold responses for corm size and irrigation. For quality traits, phosphorus was the dominant positive predictor of crocin (β = 18.3) and picrocrocin (β = 3.97), whereas altitude and foliar spray frequency negatively affected picrocrocin and safranal. The effects of nitrogen and sulfur fertilizers were minor and nonlinear. Simplified models retained predictive accuracy (R² = 0.70), improving practical applicability. These findings highlight the importance of sitespecific phosphorus management, corm quality monitoring, and optimized irrigation for enhancing saffron yield and quality. LASSO regression effectively identified influential variables, supporting precision agriculture and decision-support tools for sustainable saffron production under semi-arid conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Climatic factors
irrigation scheduling
nonlinear effects
nutrient management picrocrocin
variable selection
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