زراعت و فناوری زعفران
با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

اثر تلقیح بنه با ریزجانداران مفید و ورمی­کمپوست بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی زعفران (Corcus sativus L.) در ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

پریسا پاشاخانی 1
سید محمدرضا احتشامی 2
رضا امیرنیا 3

1 کارشناس ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران و دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.

3 استاد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

https://doi.org/10.22048/jsat.2026.578760.1591
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف بررسی خصوصیات­ کمی و کیفی زعفران (Corcus sativus L.) تحت تأثیر تلقیح بنه با ریزجانداران حل­کننده فسفر در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1399-1398 و 1400-1399 در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه ارومیه انجام شد. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل شاهد بدون مصرف کود شیمیائی فسفر و بدون تلقیح بنه، مصرف 100 درصد کود شیمیائی فسفر توصیه شده براساس نتایج آزمون خاک و بدون تلقیح، تلقیح بنه با باکتری سودوموناس (Pseudomonas fluorescens)، تلقیح بنه با قارچ مایکوریزا (Glomus etunicatum)، ورمی­کمپوست (10 تن در هکتار در زمان کاشت)، تلقیح بنه با سودوموناس و قارچ مایکوریزا، تلقیح بنه با سودوموناس + ورمی­کمپوست، تلقیح بنه با قارچ مایکوریزا + ورمی­کمپوست، تلقیح بنه با سودوموناس و قارچ مایکوریزا + ورمی­کمپوست بودند. براساس نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، تیمار تلفیقی ورمی­کمپوست با سودوموناس و تیمار قارچ مایکوریزا بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی زعفران اثر مثبت و معنی­داری داشت. در بیشتر صفات مورد مطالعه بیشترین مقادیر در تیمارهای تلفیقی کود زیستی به­دست آمد، هر چند این اختلاف در برخی صفات با کود شیمیائی فسفر معنی­دار نبود. بیش­ترین وزن تر و خشک بنه­ها در تیمار تلفیقی ورمی­کمپوست با سودوموناس (3/6 و 8/1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) و تیمار مایکوریزا (89/5 و 71/1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع)، بیش­ترین عملکرد وزن تر و خشک کلاله در تیمار تلفیقی ورمی­کمپوست با سودوموناس (018/0 و 007/0 گرم در مترمربع) و هم­چنین تیمار مایکوریزا (017/0 و 005/0 گرم در مترمربع) مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد عملکرد تر و خشک خامه زعفران در تیمارهای کود زیستی و هم­چنین تلفیق کود زیستی با ورمی­کمپوست بود که اختلاف معنی­داری با کود شیمیائی فسفر و شاهد داشت. بیش­ترین میزان کروسین در تیمار تلفیقی ورمی­کمپوست با مایکوریزا (5/24 %)، تیمار مایکوریزا (8/23 %) و تیمار تلفیقی ورمی­کمپوست با سودوموناس و مایکوریزا (7/23 %) به­دست آمد که به ترتیب نسبت به شاهد 61/10، 98/7 و 59/7 درصد افزایش نشان داد. بیش­ترین میزان سافرانال در تیمار ورمی­کمپوست (41 %) مشاهده شد، هر چند که با تیمار تلفیقی ورمی­کمپوست با مایکوریزا (37 %) و کود شیمیائی فسفر (39 %) اختلاف معنی­داری نداشت. ضمن این که کاربرد کودهای زیستی و تلفیق آن­ها سبب افزایش میزان پیکروکروسین کلاله زعفران شد، به طوری که اختلاف معنی­داری با تیمار کود شیمیائی فسفر نداشت. به­طور کلی با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده می­توان گفت تغذیه زعفران با ورمی­کمپوست و تلقیح با ریزجانداران تأثیر قابل­توجهی بر رشد و عملکرد زعفران داشتند. استفاده از این کودها به عنوان یک رویکرد قابل قبول برای کاهش مصرف بیش از حد کودهای شیمیایی در عین حفظ عملکرد منطقی به نظر می­رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سافرانال
سودوموناس
فسفر
مایکوریزا
ورمی­کمپوست
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of corm inoculation with beneficial microorganisms and vermicompost on quantitative and qualitative yield of saffron (Corcus sativus L.) in Urmia

نویسندگان English

Parisa Pashakhani 1
Seyed MohammadReza Ehteshami 2
Reza Amirnia 3
1 M.Sc. of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Univesity of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran and Associate Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Univesity of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Univesity of Urmia, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده English

The aim of this research was to investigate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under the influence of corm inoculation with beneficial microorganisms and vermicompost in a randomized complete block design with three replications during two agricultural years, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, at the Research Farm of Urmia University, Iran. The involved factors included 1) control without using phosphorus chemical fertilizer and without corm inoculation, consumption of 100% of the recommended phosphorus chemical fertilizer based on soil test, and without inoculation, corm inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens, corm inoculation with Glomus etunicatum, vermicompost (10 t.ha-1 at planting time), corm inoculation with P. fluorescens + G. etunicatum, corm inoculation with P. fluorescens + vermicompost, corm inoculation with G. etunicatum + vermicompost, and corm inoculation with P. fluorescens + G. etunicatum + vermicompost. Based on the results of this study, the combined treatment of vermicompost with Pseudomonas and mycorrhiza had a positive, significant effect on the quantitative and qualitative yields of saffron. In most of the studied traits, the highest values ​​were observed in the combined biofertilizer treatments, although this difference was not significant for some traits with the chemical phosphorus fertilizer. The highest fresh and dry weight of corms was observed in the combined treatment of vermicompost with Pseudomonas (6.3 and 1.8 kg.m-2) and mycorrhiza treatment (5.89 and 1.71 kg.m-2), and the highest yield of stigma fresh and dry weight was observed in the combined treatment of vermicompost with Pseudomonas (0.018 and 0.007 g.m-2) and also mycorrhiza treatment (0.017 and 0.005 g.m-2). The results showed that the fresh and dry yields of saffron style in biofertilizer treatments, and in the combination of biofertilizer with vermicompost, were significantly higher than those in the phosphorus chemical fertilizer and control treatments. The highest crocin content was obtained in the combined treatment of vermicompost with mycorrhiza (24.5%), mycorrhiza treatment (23.8%), and the combined treatment of vermicompost with Pseudomonas and mycorrhiza (23.7%), which showed an increase of 10.61, 7.98, and 7.59 percent compared to the control, respectively. The highest safranal concentration was observed in the vermicompost treatment (41%), although there was no significant difference compared with the combined treatment of vermicompost with mycorrhiza (37%) and phosphorus chemical fertilizer (39%). In addition, the use of biofertilizers and their combination increased the amount of picrocrocin in saffron stigma, so that there was no significant difference with phosphorus chemical fertilizer treatment. In general, the results indicate that feeding saffron vermicompost and inoculating it with microorganisms had a significant effect on saffron growth and yield. The use of these fertilizers is an acceptable approach to reduce the overuse of chemical fertilizers while maintaining yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Mycorrhizal
Phosphorus
Pseudomonas
Safranal, Vermicompost
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