زراعت و فناوری زعفران

زراعت و فناوری زعفران

تاثیر گیاهان پوششی بر رشد علف‌های‌ هرز و عملکرد بنه زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) در شهرستان نکا

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم علف‌های هرز، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
3 محقق مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران
4 استادیار گروه باغبانی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر انواع گیاهان پوششی بر تراکم و زیست توده علف‌های هرز مزرعه زعفران به صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار واقع در شهرستان نکا در سال 1401 اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی اعمال شده در مزرعه زعفران شامل: کشت گیاهان پوششی شبدر ایرانی (Trifolium resupinatum)، جو (Hordeum vulgare)، شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum – graecum L.) و کلزا (Brassica napus)، تیمار عدم وجین و بدون کشت گیاه پوششی (شاهد اول) و وجین علف‌های هرز و بدون کشت گیاه پوششی (شاهد دوم) بودند. صفات تراکم و زیست توده علف‌های هرز پهن‌برگ و باریک‌برگ، تراکم علف هرز غالب در مزرعه و شاخص تنوع گونه‌ای شانون وینر و همچنین اندازه‌گیری صفات مربوط به عمکرد بنه زعفران شامل تعداد بنه دختری، عملکرد کل بنه دختری، متوسط وزن بنه دختری، متوسط قطر بنه و عملکرد بنه در گروه‌های وزنی مختلف در واحد متر مربع بود. نتایج نشان داد که با کشت گیاه پوششی جو، کمترین تراکم و زیست توده علف هرز مشاهده شد؛ بطوری که کشت آن به ترتیب موجب کاهش 96 و 88 درصدی زیست توده علف هرز پهن‌برگ و باریک‌برگ شد. علاوه ‌براین، در بین گیاهان پوششی، بیشترین تنوع گونه‌ای علف هرز مربوط به کلزا و کمترین تنوع مربوط به جو به ترتیب برابر با 93/0 و 43/0 می‌باشد. با مقایسه گیاهان پوششی بیشترین عملکرد کل بنه دختری مربوط به کلزا، شبدر، شنبلیله و سپس جو به ترتیب معادل 9/1273، 1243، 8/1234 و 2/1175 گرم در متر مربع بود و بیشترین عملکرد کل بنه، متوسط وزن بنه و عملکرد بنه بالای 8 گرم با کشت گیاه پوششی کلزا بدست آمد که نسبت به شاهد بدون وجین به ترتیب معادل 6، 79 و 14 درصد افزایش نشان داد. بطور کلی، هرچند که با اعمال وجین علف هرز شاخص‌های عملکرد بنه زعفران در این تیمار نسبت به سایر تیمارها برتری داشت، اما این نکته را باید مد نظر داشت که با کشت گیاهان پوششی ضمن پایداری و حاصلخیزی نظام تولید در درازمدت، مزیت اقتصادی بالاتری را در نهایت برای کشاورز به همراه دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The effect of cover crop on weed growth and saffron (Crocus sativus L.) corm yield in Neka

نویسندگان English

Amir Mohammad Zargarian 1
Faezeh Zaefarian 2
abbas jalali 3
Vahid Akbarpour 4
1 MSc. Student of Weed Science, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
3 Researcher of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Mazandaran, AREEO, Sari, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
چکیده English

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of cover crop on the density and biomass of weeds in a saffron field in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications located in Neka in 2022. The experimental treatments applied in the saffron farm was include: cover crop planting of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum - graecum L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus), treatment of no weed control with cover crop (control 1) and weeds control with no cover crop (control 2). The measured traits included the density and biomass of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds, the dominant weed density in the field, Shannon-Wiener species diversity index and the performance indicators of saffron corm that were measured including the number of daughter corm, total daughter corm yield, average daughter corm weight, corm average diameter and corm yield in different weight groups per square meter. The results showed that barley cover crop cultivation treatment has the lowest density and biomass of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds among the treatments, so that its cultivation caused a decrement of 96 and 88% of the biomass of broad-leaved and narrow-leaved weeds, respectively. In addition, among cover crops, the highest species diversity related to canola and the lowest one related to barley are 0.93 and 0.43, respectively. With the comparison among the cover crops, the highest total yield of daughter corm belonged to canola, clover, fenugreek and then barley were 1273.9, 1243, 1234.8 and 1175.2 g/m2, and the highest total corm yield, average corm weight and corm yield above 8 g was obtained with canola cover crop cultivation, which showed an increase of 6, 79 and 14%, respectively, compared to the control with no weeding. In general, although the weeding treatment as well as the saffron corm yield indicators were superior to other treatments, but this point should be notice that with the planting of cover plants, along with the stability and fertility of the system in the long term, there is a higher economic advantage, ultimately brings benefits to the farmer.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

dominant species
species diversity
weed biomass
weed density
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