زراعت و فناوری زعفران

زراعت و فناوری زعفران

زیست سنجی اثرات دگر آسیبی عصاره زعفران بر برخی خصوصیات کمی و کیفی چهار گونه دارویی خانواده نعناعیان

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
2 استادیار گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.
چکیده
با توجه به دوره رشدی زعفران، کشت مخلـوط این گیاه با گونه های دارای نیازهای مشابه می تواند گزینه ای مناسب برای کاربرد بهتر زمین باشد مشروط بر آن که دگرآسیبی این گیاه مد نظر قرار گیرد. به منظور بررسی اثر عصاره زعفران بر رشد و عملکرد تعدادی از گیاهان دارویی، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل چهار گونه دارویی آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) و آویشن شیرازی (Zataria multiflora Bioss)، کاکوتی (Ziziphora clinopodioides) و کلپوره (Teucrium polium) و عصاره برگ و بنه زعفران در چهار سطح (0، 3000، 6000 و 9000 پی پی ام) و چهار تکرار بودند. پارمترهای مورد بررسی عبارت بودند از وزن تر و خشک رشه و ساقه، نسبت اندام هوایی به ریشه، مقاومت روزنه ای، عدد کلروفیل متر و درصد و عملکرد اسانس. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل غلظت های مختلف عصاره بنه و برگ زعفران، وزن تر ریشه و عدد کلروفیل متر را به طور معنی داری تحت تاثیر قرار داد. چهارگونه مورد بررسی، روندهای متفاوتی را در غلظت های مختلف عصاره نشان دادند. در گونه آویشن شیرازی و آویشن باغی، با افزایش غلظت عصاره، مقاومت روزنه ای در ابتدا افزایش و سپس کاهش یافت. اما گونه های دیگر از این روند تبعیت نکردند. در کلیه گونه های مورد بررسی، با افزایش غلظت عصاره، عدد کلروفیل متر در ابتدا افزایش یافت و سپس کاهش نشان داد. همچنین در همه گونه ها به استثنای آویشن باغی، با افزایش غلظت عصاره، نسبت اندام هوایی به ریشه افزایش یافت و درصد اسانس کاهش یافت. به طور کلی در همه گونه های مورد بررسی با کاربرد عصاره برگ و بنه زعفران، صفات فیزیولوژیکی و کیفی گیاه کاهش یافت.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Bioassay study of saffron extract’s allelopathic effects on quantitative and qualitative traits of 4 medicinal species from labiatae family

نویسندگان English

Elham Azizi 1
Leila Tabrizi 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده English

According to the growth period of saffron, intercropping of this plant with species with similar needs can be a suitable option for better land use, provided that the allelopathy of this plant is considered. In order to investigate the allelopathic effect of saffron on quantitative and qualitative traits of some of medicinal plants, an experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Treatments were combination of 4 species (Thymus vulgaris, Zataria multiflora, Ziziphora clinopodioides and Teucrium polium and corm and leaf extracts in four levels (0, 3000, 6000, 9000 ppm) arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. Measured parameters were fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, shoot to root ratio, stomatal resistance, SPAD reading and essential oil percentage and yield. Result indicated that interaction of corm and leaf extract concentrations affected fresh weight of root and SPAD reading. Four species showed different trends in different extract concentrations. In Thymus vulgaris and Zataria multiflora, with increasing extract concentration, stomatal resistance initially increased and then decreased but other species, other species did n’t follow this trend. In total species, with increasing extract concentration, SPAD reading, initially increased and then decreased. In all species studied, except Thymus vulgaris, as extract concentration increased shoot to root ratio increased. Also, with extract concentrations, essential oil percentage decreased. In general, in all investigated species, the physiological and qualitative traits of the plant decreased with the use of saffron leaf and corm extracts.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Thymus vulgaris
Zataria multiflora
Ziziphora clinopodioides and Teucrium plium
essential oil
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