زراعت و فناوری زعفران

زراعت و فناوری زعفران

ارزیابی کمی عملکرد برخی اکوتیپ‌های زعفران در شرایط اقلیمی حوزه آبریز دریاچه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات محصولات زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران
2 بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران
3 دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
چکیده
این بررسی به منظور مقایسه و امکان سنجی رشد و عملکرد پیاز، گل، کلاله و برخی خصوصیات زراعی گیاه زعفران به عنوان الگوی کشت جایگزین با محصولات آب بر در آذربایجان غربی این بررسی به صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در3 تکرار در سه منطقه علی‌آباد نقده، قجلو میاندوآب و بالانج ارومیه، انجام شد. در هر منطقه 4 اکوتیپ کرقند، حوض‌سرخ، ژرف و شهن‌آباد به مدت 5 سال از شهریور‌ماه سال 1396 تا 1400 کشت و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. از سال دوم تا سال پنجم اقدام به برداشت گل و صفات زراعی اکوتیپ‌ها شامل صفات تعداد گل، وزن‌تر گل، وزن خشک گلبرگ، پرچم و عملکرد کلاله تولیدی اندازه‌گیری و یا یادداشت برداری شد. داده‌های بدست آمده بصورت تجزیه مرکب اسپلیت پلات در زمان (4 سال) آنالیز گردید. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان داد که اختلاف معنی‌داری در همه صفات اندازه‌گیری شده بین اکوتیپ‌های کشت شده وجود داشت. اثر متقابل مکان در اکوتیپ، سال در اکوتیپ و سال در مکان معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد کلاله در منطقه علی‌آباد نقده معادل 17/5 کیلوگرم درهکتار تولید شد که به ترتیب نسبت به منطقه قجلو و بالانج  5/35 و 30 درصد بیشتر بود. از بین چهار اکوتیپ زعفران کشت شده، اکوتیپ کرقند و ژرف بترتیب با تولید 557/5 و 238/4 کیلوگرم درهکتار بالاترین وزن کلاله را داشتد. با توجه به نتایج اکوتیپ‌های کرقند و ژرف جهت کشت در بخش‌های مرکز و جنوب استان آذربایجان‌غربی قابل توصیه می‌باشند و می‌توان در هر سه منطقه نقده، بالانج و میاندوآب به کشت زعفران مبادرت نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of Quantitative Yield of Saffron Ecotypes under Climatic Conditions of Urmia Lake

نویسندگان English

Abdollah Hasanzadeh Ghorttapeh 1
Farshid Talat 1
Mohamad Rezaei Morad-ali 1
Farkh Gani-Shayesta 2
Reza Amirnia 3
1 Horticulture Crops Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO) ,Urmia, Iran.
2 Soil and Water Science Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, (AREEO) ,Urmia, Iran.
3 College of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia Iran
چکیده English

 The study was conducted in order to compare the yield of onion, flower, stigma, and some agricultural characteristics of the saffron plant as an alternative crop. This study was carried out as a complete randomized block design in 3 replications in three regions of Aliabad, Naqdeh, Qajlu, Miandoab, and Balanj, Urmia, and in each region, four ecotypes of Korqand, Hoz-sarakh, Jarf, and Shahnabad were cultivated evaluated for 5 years from September 2016. From the second year to the fifth year, flowers were harvested, and the agricultural traits of the ecotypes, including the number of flowers, fresh weight of flowers, dry weight of petals, stamens, and production stigma yield, were measured or recorded. In the sixth year, the yield and the number of corms produced were measured. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the ecotypes. The interaction effect of place in ecotype, year in ecotype, and year in place was also statistically significant. The highest yields of stigmas and flowers were produced in Aliabad Naqdeh region, and among the four saffron ecotypes cultivated, Korqand and Jarf ecotypes had the highest number and weight of flowers, the highest weight of stigmas, the number of corms and the weight of corms in all three regions, respectively. According to the results, the ecotypes of Korqand and Jarf ecotypes are recommended for cultivation in the central and southern parts of West Azerbaijan province.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Bulb
Ecotype
Flower
Crocus sativus
Stigma
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