زراعت و فناوری زعفران

زراعت و فناوری زعفران

راهکارهای توسعه تولید زعفران در شهرستان غوریان استان هرات، افغانستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت کشاورزی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
2 استاد، گروه مدیریت کشاورزی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی پایدار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
با توجه به تغییرات اقلیم و پیامدهای آن در جهان از سویی و بحران آب در سرزمین­های خشک از سوی دیگر، هدایت کشاورزی به عنوان یکی از زیربناهای اقتصادی جوامع به سمت کشت­های کم آب بر و سازگار با اقلیم ضروری است. زعفران گیاهی است که در استان هرات افغانستان همانند شرق خراسان در ایران دارای سازگاری و بهره­وری مطلوبی است. ازاین‌رو تقویت کشت و ارائه راهبردهای مناسب جهت بهبود و تقویت کشت زعفران، علاوه بر تقویت اقتصاد منطقه موجب حفظ محیط‌زیست و کاهش اثرات نامطلوب دیگر کشت­ها بر اقلیم و منابع آبی می­گردد؛ بنابراین برای توسعه کشت زعفران نیازمند برنامه‌ریزی دقیق مبتنی بر ارزیابی شرایط تولید و منطقه می­باشد. بدین منظور پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه برنامه­ای راهبردی به‌منظور توسعه زنجیره تولید زعفران در استان هرات، شهرستان غوریان در افغانستان صورت گرفته است. این پژوهش با به‌کارگیری روش SWOT در راستای شناسایی عوامل درونی و بیرونی صورت گرفته است. بدین منظور با استفاده از مصاحبه با کارشناسان و خبرگان افغانستانی، عوامل درونی و بیرونی شناسایی گردیدند؛ سپس با استفاده از روش وزن دهی CRITIC و تحلیل SWOT مهم‌ترین نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدید شناسایی شدند. پس از شناسایی هریک از عامل­ها و زیرعامل­ها در روش SWOT استراتژی­های چهارگانه SO، ST، WO، و WT تعیین گردید. در نهایت بهترین راهبردهای توسعه تولید زعفران در استان هرات شهرستان غوریان شناسایی و عوامل به­دست آمده  بر اساس میزان اهمیت اولویت­بندی و انتخاب شدند. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از وزن نهایی هر گروه از عوامل، راهبردهای محافظه‌کارانه شامل «آموزش کشاورزان به‌منظور کشت و فراوری مناسب»، «توزیع وام­های کوتاه‌مدت و بلندمدت برای کشاورزان زعفران­کار و شرکت‌های فرآوری و خدماتی و صادراتی» و همچنین «برگزاری نمایشگاه­های بین‌المللی برای شناساندن محصول زعفران افغانستان» به‌عنوان مناسب‌ترین راهبردها شناسایی شدند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The Development Strategies for the Saffron Supply Chain in Quorian County, Herat Province, Afghanistan

نویسندگان English

Vakil Ahmad Omar Ali 1
Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari 2
Soroush Marzban 3
1 MSc. Student, Department of Agricultural Management, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
2 Prof., Department of Agricultural Management, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
3 Ph.D. Candidate of Sustainable Agricultural Education and Extension, Dept. of Agricultural Extension & Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده English

Given the global impact of climate change and the consequential water crisis in arid regions, there is an urgent need to guide agriculture, a pivotal economic infrastructure, towards crops that are both low water-consuming and climate-compatible. Saffron emerges as a plant showcasing ecological compatibility and productivity in Herat province, Afghanistan, and East Khorasan, Iran. Strengthening saffron cultivation and implementing effective growth strategies not only reinforces the region's economy but also contributes to environmental preservation, mitigating various adverse effects. As crops heavily rely on climate and water resources, the development of saffron cultivation requires careful planning based on a comprehensive assessment of production conditions and the region. Consequently, this research aims to present a strategic plan for the development of the saffron supply chain in Herat province, particularly in Qourian County, Afghanistan. The study employed the SWOT method to identify internal and external factors. Through interviews with experts and subsequent weighting, the most significant strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were identified. Following the identification of factors and sub-factors in the SWOT model, four strategies—SO (Strengths-Opportunities), ST (Strengths-Threats), WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities), and WT (Weaknesses-Threats)—were determined. Ultimately, in selecting the optimal strategy for saffron industry supply chain development in Herat Province, Qourian County was prioritized based on the level of importance. The results of the final weight analysis for each group of factors identified conservative strategies, such as "training farmers for proper cultivation and processing," "distribution of short-term and long-term loans for saffron farmers and processing, service, and export companies," as well as "organizing an international exhibition to promote Afghanistan's saffron product," as the most suitable strategies.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Saffron
Strategic planning
CRITIC weighting
Herat agricultural management
Qourian county
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