با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

تأثیر بسپار سوپرجاذب بر کارایی مصرف آب و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی زعفران در شرایط کم آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده
رژیم‌ها و تکنیک‌های کم‌آبیاری با استفاده از جاذب رطوبت، رویکردهای اصلی برای دستیابی به اهداف کشاورزی پایدار و حفظ منابع آب در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک هستند. به‌منظور تأثیر بسپار سوپرجاذب بر بهره‌وری آب و خصوصیات کمی و کیفی زعفران در شرایط کم آبیاری آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سه سال زراعی 1400-1399، 1401-1400 و 1402-1401 در اراضی کشاورزی شهر زیار از توابع شهرستان اصفهان اجرا شد. در این آزمایش کم‌آبیاری در سه سطح (50، 75 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی) به‌عنوان عامل کرت اصلی و عامل کرت‌های فرعی شامل سطوح مختلف بسپار سوپرجاذب (صفر، 50 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که بیشترین مقادیر تعداد برگ گیاه (به ترتیب 25 و 34 عدد)، عملکرد برگ خشک (به‌ترتیب 3845 و 4926 کیلوگرم در هکتار) عملکرد گل تر (1559 و 1912 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد خشک کلاله (8/11 و 8/17 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، تعداد بنه (278 و 345 عدد) و عملکرد بنه (1/32 و 1/45 تن در هکتار) در سال‌های 01-1400 و 02-1401 آزمایش در تیمار آبیاری 100 درصد و تیمار 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرجاذب به‌دست آمد. بهبود در این پارامترهای محصول زمانی که سوپرجاذب در شرایط کم‌آبیاری در مقایسه با شرایط آبیاری کامل استفاده شد، به طور قابل توجهی بیشتر بود. از سوی دیگر، بیشترین بهره‌وری آب در تیمار آبیاری 50 درصد و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرجاذب (005/0 و 007/0 کیلوگرم در متر مکعب) بدست آمد. علاوه بر این، تیمار 75 درصد نیاز آبی و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرجاذب، دارای بیشترین غلظت کروسین (0/13 و 4/12 درصد)، پیکروکروسین (6/6 و 9/5 درصد) و سافرانال (6/2 و 4/2 درصد) را در هر دو سال آزمایش نشان داد. به‌طورکلی، نتایج نشان داد اگرچه بیشترین عملکرد کمی زعفران از آبیاری کامل همراه با کاربرد سوپرجاذب بدست آمد، بهترین نتیجه از نظر کیفیت زعفران در تیمار آبیاری 75 درصد و کاربرد سوپرجاذب بدست آمد که به دلیل محدودیت منابع آبی در منطقه مورد مطالعه و اهمیت کارایی آب، به عنوان بهترین تیمار در تولید پایدار زعفران در مناطقی با شرایط مشابه با محل آزمایش توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Impact of Superabsorbent Polymer on Water Use Efficiency and Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Saffron under Deficit Irrigation Conditions

نویسنده English

Mohammad Azimi Gandomani
Assistant Professor of Agriculture Department, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Water deficit regimes and techniques using moisture-absorbing materials are key approaches to achieving sustainable agriculture goals and conserving water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. To evaluate the effect of superabsorbent polymers on water productivity and the quantitative and qualitative traits of saffron under deficit irrigation conditions, a field experiment was conducted over three growing seasons (2020-2021, 2021-2022, and 2022-2023) in agricultural lands of Ziar, a district of Isfahan, Iran. The experiment was designed as a split-plot within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main plots included three levels of irrigation (50%, 75%, and 100% of water requirement), while the subplots consisted of various levels of superabsorbent polymer application (0, 50, and 100 kg. ha-1). The results were analyzed at a 95% significance level. The findings revealed that the highest values for leaf number (25 and 34 leaves per plant), dry leaf yield (3845 and 4926 kg. ha-1), fresh flower yield (1559 and 1912 kg. ha-1), dry stigma yield (11.8 and 17.8 kg. ha-1), corm number (278 and 345 per m²), and corm yield (32.1 and 45.1 t. ha-1) were obtained in the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 growing seasons under 100% irrigation combined with 100 kg. ha-1 of superabsorbent polymer application. Notably, improvements in these crop parameters were significantly greater when superabsorbent polymers were used under water-deficit conditions compared to full irrigation conditions. Furthermore, the highest water productivity was achieved under the 50% irrigation treatment combined with 100 kg. ha-1 of superabsorbent polymer, yielding 0.005 and 0.007 kg. m-3 of water. Additionally, the 75% irrigation treatment along with 100 kg. ha-1 of superabsorbent polymer resulted in the highest concentrations of crocin (13.0% and 12.4%), picrocrocin (6.6% and 5.9%), and safranal (2.6% and 2.4%) during both experimental years. Overall, the results indicated that while the highest quantitative yield of saffron was achieved with full irrigation and the application of superabsorbent polymer, the best outcomes in terms of saffron quality were observed under the 75% irrigation treatment combined with the polymer application. Considering the limited water resources in the studied area and the importance of water productivity, this treatment is recommended as the optimal approach for sustainable saffron production in regions with conditions similar to the experimental site.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Crocin
Corm Yield
Flower Yield
Safranal
water productivity
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