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اثر محلول پاشی نیترات پتاسیم و تنظیم کننده رشد فورکلرفنورن بر عملکرد گل و بنه زعفران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت-گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان

2 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان

چکیده

زعفران از گیاهان بومی و ارزشمند ایران است که مصرف صحیح عناصر غذایی و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشدی، در رشد و نمو و تولید محصول آن از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی تاثیر غلظت‌های مختلف فورکلرفنورن و نیترات‌پتاسیم بر خصوصیات بنه‌های دختری و عملکرد زعفران می‌باشد. این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان انجام شد. محلول پاشی در این مطالعه، مرحله اول در اوایل اسفند ماه و مرحله دوم در اوایل فروردین ماه انجام شد. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده اثرمتقابل فورکلرفنورن 5/2 و 5 میلی‌گرم‌در‌لیتر در سطح نیترات پتاسیم 500 میلی‌گرم‌در‌لیتر موجب کاهش تعداد بنه های دختری شد. ویژگی هایی مانند وزن بنه های دختری بیش از 7 گرم در مترمربع، قطر بنه، تعداد گل در مترمربع، میزان سافرانال، کروسین و پیکروکروسین در استفاده از تیمار اثرمتقابل فورکلرفنورن 5 میلی‌گرم‌در‌لیتر و نیترات پتاسیم 1000 میلی‌گرم‌در‌لیتر افزایش قابل توجهی پبدا کردند. بیشترین وزن تر و خشک کلاله به ترتیب به میزان 49/11 و 15/1 گرم در مترمربع با تیمار فورکلرفنورن در سطح 5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر حاصل شد. همچنین استفاده از نیترات پتاسیم در سطح 1000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر موجب افزایش وزن تر و خشک کلاله به ترتیب به میزان 22/10 و 01/1 گرم در مترمربع شد. بیشترین طو کلاله در تیمار فورکلرفنورن 10 میلی‌گرم‌در‌لیتر و نیترات پتاسیم 250 میلی‌گرم‌در‌لیتر به‌دست آمد. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده محلول پاشی فورکلرفنورن با غلظت 5 و نیترات پتاسیم با غلظت 1000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر، بهترین نتیجه را بر صفات مورد مطالعه داشت. به‌طورکلی نتایج آزمایش کنونی حاکی از تأثیر مثبت محلول پاشی زعفران با فورکلرفنورن و نیترات پتاسیم، روی خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد کلاله و بنه آن دارد. در کنار بهره‌مندی از نیترات پتاسیم به‌عنوان منبع تغذیه‌ای برای افزایش فتونستز و رشد گیاه، استفاده از ترکیباتی مانند فورکلرفنورن باعث انتقال بهتر و بیشتر هیدرات‌های کربن تولید شده از منبع به مخزن می شود که افزایش وزن بنه‌های دختری را به دنبال خواهد داشت.

واژه‌های کلیدی: بنه دختری، تعداد گل، سافرانال، عناصر غذایی، وزن بنه، کلاله

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of foliar application of potassium nitrate and the forchlorfenuron on the yield of saffron flowers and corms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasim Rezvani 1
  • Majid Pouryousef 2
  • Afshin Tavakoli 3

1 Ph.D. Student of Agronomy, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

3 Associate Prof., Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Saffron, a cherished native plant of Iran, holds immense value, and its optimal growth and development hinge on the precise administration of nutrients and growth regulators. However, scant information exists concerning the nutritional attributes and the impacts of external application of growth regulators on its overall performance. This study intends to scrutinize the influence of varying concentrations of forchlorfenuron and potassium nitrate on the attributes of daughter corms as well as the ultimate saffron yield. Through this investigation, a deeper understanding of the relationship between growth regulators, nutrients, and saffron production can be attained, shedding light on the potential avenues for enhancing its cultivation and yield. This experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design in the research farm of Zanjan University. According to the results, the interaction effect of forchlorfenoren 2.5 and 5 mg.liter-1 and potassium nitrate 500 mg.liter-1 decreased the number of daughter corms. Characteristics such as the weight of daughter corms of more than 7 grams per square meter, corm diameter, number of flowers per square meter, and the amount of safranal, crocin, and picrocrocin showed a significant increase due to the interaction of forchlorfenoren 5 mg.liter-1 and potassium nitrate 1000 mg.liter-1. The highest wet and dry weight of the stigma was 11.49 and 1.15 grams per square meter, respectively, with the treatment of furchlorfenoren at the level of 5 mg.liter-1. Also, the use of potassium nitrate at the level of 1000 mg.liter-1 increased the fresh and dry weight of the stigma by 10.22 and 1.01 grams per square meter, respectively. The maximum stigma length was obtained in treating furchlorfenoren 10 mg.liter-1 and potassium nitrate 250 mg.liter-1. Based on the outcomes derived from foliar application experiments, it is advisable to consider utilizing a concentration of 5 mg.liter-1 for forchlorfenuron and 1000 mg.liter-1 for potassium nitrate during the period extending from March to April. This recommendation holds under the premise that environmental conditions are conducive, encompassing factors such as favorable temperatures for foliar spraying. This practice is particularly relevant to the climatic conditions prevalent in the Zanjan region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • corm weight
  • daughter corm
  • number of flowers
  • nutritional elements
  • safranal
  • stigma
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زراعت و فناوری زعفران
دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 40
مهر 1402
صفحه 257-280
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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