زراعت و فناوری زعفران

زراعت و فناوری زعفران

بررسی اثر روش‌ها و سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر برخی خصوصیات رویشی و عملکرد گل زعفران (Crocus.sativus L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
حمید رضا شریفی 1
زهره نبی پور 2
محمد جلینی 3
1 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی ، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد ، ایران
2 دکتری تخصصی زراعت، ایستگاه تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گناباد، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی ، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گناباد، ایران
3 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی ، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد ، ایران
10.22048/jsat.2024.413372.1505
چکیده
به منظور بررسی اثر روش‌ها و سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر برخی خصوصیات رویشی و زایشی زعفران، این پژوهش به صورت آزمایش کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی (ایستگاه تحقیقات گناباد) در سال‌های زراعی 1399-1397 انجام شد. در این تحقیق تیمار روش آبیاری (شامل روش‌های کرتی، قطره‌ای (نوار تیپ) و بارانی (پی‌فلکس) در کرت اصلی و سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری (شامل تامین 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی) در کرت فرعی قرار داشتند. نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که در هر دو سال آزمایش، تغییر روش آبیاری از کرتی به قطره‌ای (نوار تیپ) و بارانی (پی‌فلکس) سبب افزایش خصوصیات مورد بررسی گردید. کاهش مقدار آب آبیاری از 100 به 50 درصد تامین نیاز آبی نیز سبب کاهش خصوصیات برگی و عملکرد کلاله شد، ولی بهره‌وری مصرف آب آبیاری افزایش یافت. بر این اساس کاهش تامین نیاز آبی زعفران از 100 به 50 درصد در سال اول و دوم به ترتیب موجب 33 و 30 درصد کاهش در عملکرد کلاله، 32 و 37 درصد افزایش در بهره‌وری مصرف آب شد. بررسی جدول اثرات متقابل نشان داد در سال اول آزمایش کاهش مقدار آبیاری از 100 به 50 درصد باعث کاهش بیشتری در مجموع طول برگ در متر مربع تحت آبیاری قطره‌ای (نوار تیپ) نسبت به دو روش دیگر آبیاری شد (82 درصد در روش قطره‌ای (نوار تیپ) در مقابل 79 درصد در روش بارانی (پی‌فلکس) و 69 درصد در روش کرتی). بر این اساس هرچند با افزایش سن مزرعه، اثر مثبت و مزیت نسبی سیستم های آبیاری نوین در حال کاهش بوده ولی چنین به نظر می‌رسد که می‌توان با کاربرد آبیاری بارانی (پی‌فلکس) در 100 درصد نیاز آبی به عملکرد مطلوب در منطقه رسید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
تعداد برگ
تعداد گل
روش آبیاری
وزن خشک کلاله
نیاز آبی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the effect of different methods and levels of irrigation water on some vegetative characteristics and yield of saffron flower (Crocus.sativus L.)

نویسندگان English

Hamidreza sharifi 1
zohreh nabipour 2
mohammad joleini 3
1 Agronomical and Horticultural Science Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, AREEO. Mashhad. Iran
2 Ph.D of Agriculture, Gonabad Agricultural and Natural Resource and Education station, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, AREEO. Gonabad. Iran.
3 Technical and engineering research department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan Razavi, AREEO. Mashhad. Iran
چکیده English

In order to investigate the effect of different methods and levels of irrigation water on some vegetative and reproductive characteristics of saffron, this research was carried out in the form of a split-plot experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Razavi Khorasan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center. (Gonabad Research Station) was carried out in the crop years of 2017-2018. In this research, irrigation method treatments (including basin, drip and sprinkler (Pflex) methods) were in the main plot and different levels of irrigation water (including supplying 100, 75 and 50% of the water requirement) were in the sub plot. Results The comparison of the averages showed that in both years of the experiment, changing the irrigation method from basin to drip (tape) and sprinkler (P-flex) led to an increase in the studied properties. Reducing the amount of irrigation water from 100% to 50% of the water requirement also caused a decrease in leaf characteristics and stigma yield, but the efficiency of irrigation water consumption increased. Based on this, reducing the water requirement of saffron from 100 to 50% in the first and second year caused a 33% and 30% decrease in stigma yield, and a 32% and 37% increase in water consumption efficiency, respectively. Examining the interaction effects table showed that in the first year of the experiment, reducing the amount of irrigation from 100 to 50% caused a greater reduction in the total length of leaves per square meter under drip irrigation (tape) than the other two irrigation methods (82% in the drip method (tape) in contrast to 79% in the sprinkler (P-flex) method and 69% in the basin method). Based on this, although the positive effect and relative advantage of modern irrigation systems is decreasing with the increase in the age of the farm, it seems that it is possible to achieve optimal performance in the region by using rain irrigation sprinkler (P-flex) method in 100% of the water requirement.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

number of leaves
number of flowers
irrigation method
dry weight of stigma
water requirement
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