زراعت و فناوری زعفران

زراعت و فناوری زعفران

تحلیل عاملی و رتبه‌بندی چالش‌های تولید، فرآوری و بازار زعفران در شهرستان تربت‌حیدریه.

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
مرتضی یعقوبی 1، 2
مصطفی یعقوب‌زاده 3
معین توسن 4
1 استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت‌حیدریه، دانشگاه تربت‌حیدریه، ایران
2 پژوهشگر پژوهشکده زعفران، دانشگاه تربت‌حیدریه
3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی آب و عضوگروه پژوهشی خشکسالی و تغییراقلیم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
4 دانشجوی دکتری منابع آب، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند
10.22048/jsat.2024.436229.1518
چکیده
زعفران یکی از با ارزش‌ترین محصولات کشاورزی در بازار جهانی است. بیشترین سطح زیر کشت و بیشترین میزان تولید این محصول ‏در ایران است. با این وجود، سهم زعفران ایران از ارزش افزوده این محصول در بازارهای جهانی غیر قابل قبول و رو به افول است که ‏نشان‌دهنده چالش‌های عدیده این صنعت است. هدف پژوهش حاضر تبیین ساختارهای پنهان چالش‌های تولید، فرآوری و بازار و رتبه‌بندی ‏مهم‌ترین چالش‌های صنعت زعفران در شهرستان تربت‌حیدریه به عنوان قطب زعفران دنیا است. داده‌های مورد نیاز با استفاده از روش ‏نمونه‌گیری در دسترس به تعداد 108 پرسشنامه در سال 1402 گردآوری شد. ساختارهای پنهان با تکیه بر تحلیل مولفه‌های اصلی شناسایی ‏شد، و رتبه‌بندی چالش‌ها با تکیه بر آزمون رتبه فریدمن و ضرایب وزنی بدست آمده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی انجام گردید. نتایج نشان داد ‏مهم‌ترین چالش صنعت زعفران در حوزه تولید تغییر اقلیم، در حوزه فرآوری نیاز به سرمایه گردش بالا، در حوزه بازارهای بین‌المللی قوانین ‏سخت‌گیرانه گمرکی و در حوزه بازارهای داخلی عدم همکاری شرکت تعاونی روستایی جهت خرید محصول است. به علاوه، مهم‌ترین ‏مؤلفه‌های پنهان در حوزه تولید، ناپایداری تولید و عدم بهره‌وری تولید؛ در حوزۀ فرآوری، چالش‌های فنی و زیرساختی و چالش‌های مالی، در ‏حوزه بازار داخلی، عدم توسعۀ بازار رقابتی داخلی و ضعف نهادی بازار داخلی و در حوزۀ بازار بین‌المللی، عدم دسترسی به بازارهای خارجی و ‏کیفیت نامطلوب زعفران در بازارهای خارجی می‌باشند. ‏
کلیدواژه‌ها
چالش‌های بازار
تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی
رتبه‌بندی
آزمون‌های ناپارامتری
بهره‌وری کشاورزی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Factor analysis and ranking of saffron production, processing ‎and market challenges in Torbat Heydarieh, Iran.

نویسندگان English

Morteza Yaqubi 1 2
Mostafa Yaghoobzadeh 3
Moein Tosan 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, Agriculture Faculty, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
2 Saffron Institute, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand.
4 PhD. Student of Water Resources, Department of Water Science and Engineering, University of Birjand.
چکیده English

Saffron is one of the most valuable agricultural products in the global market. Iran has the largest area under cultivation and the highest production of this crop. However, Iran's share of the value added of saffron in the global market is unacceptable and declining, which indicates the many challenges facing this industry. The purpose of this research is to explain the hidden structures of the challenges of production, processing, and marketing, and to rank the most important challenges of the saffron industry in Torbat Heydarieh, Iran, which is the world's saffron center. The necessary data were collected in 2023 using a convenience sample of 108 questionnaires. The challenges were ranked using Friedman's test and the weight coefficients obtained from factor analysis. Principal component analysis was used to identify the hidden patterns in the challenges of production, processing, and market (domestic and international) of the saffron industry in Torbat-e Heydarieh. The challenges were then ranked using Friedman's test and the weight coefficients obtained from factor analysis. The study found that the most important challenge facing the saffron industry in the production sector is climate change, in the processing sector is the need for high working capital, in the international markets is strict customs regulations, and in the domestic markets is the lack of cooperation of the rural cooperative to purchase the product. Factor analysis revealed that the most important hidden components in the production sector are "production instability" and "low production efficiency"; in the processing sector, "technical and infrastructural challenges" and "financial challenges"; in the domestic market, "lack of development of the domestic competitive market" and "weak domestic market institutions"; and in the international market, "lack of access to foreign markets" and "poor saffron quality in foreign markets."

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Market challenges
Factor analysis
Ranking
Non-parametric tests
Agricultural productivity
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