با همکاری انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه تولیدات گیاهی دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه و پژوهشگر پژوهشکده زعفران تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه

2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری رشته اگرواکولوژی،گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانش‌آموخته دکتری رشته علوم علف‌های هرز، گروه اگروتکنولوژی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

پایش شاخص‌های عملکرد همچون ارزیابی روند و ثبات عملکرد، می‌تواند راه‌گشای سیاست‌گذاری‌ها و تصمیم‌گیری‌های آینده به منظور حفظ و ارتقای عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی مهم در سیستم‌های زراعی ایران باشد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی و تعیین میزان ثبات عملکرد زعفران در برخی شهرستان­های استان خراسان رضوی در سال 1401-1400 در دانشگاه تربت حیدریه اجرا شد. برای این منظور تمامی آمار قابل دسترس مربوط به سطح زیر کشت و عملکرد زعفران از شهرستان­های مختلف استان خراسان رضوی برای دوره 34 ساله (1399-1365) از آمارنامه‌های منتشر شده و موجود وزارت جهاد کشاورزی استخراج شده  و مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. پس از بررسی داده ها، شش شهرستان مشهد، تربت حیدریه، نیشابور،کاشمر، گناباد و تایباد که آمار کامل­تری برای آن ها موجود بود انتخاب شد و اطلاعات تکمیلی مورد نیاز با مراجعه حضوری به مراکز جهاد کشاورزی و مراکز تحقیقات کشاورزی هر شهرستان و بر اساس پرسشنامه و فرم­های مربوطه، تهیه و جمع­آوری شد. با تحلیل رگرسیون روند بلندمدت عملکرد و سطح زیر کشت، باقی‌مانده نسبی و باقی مانده مطلق عملکرد، ضریب تغییرات عملکرد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها حاصل از پژوهش نشان دادند که سطح زیرکشت زعفران تا حدود سال 1385 و 1386 در تمام شهرستان­های مورد بررسی افزایش یافت اما در سال­های پایانی مطالعه شهرستان­های گناباد و تربت حیدریه که بالاترین میانگین عملکرد زعفران را داشتند با کاهش شدید سطح زیرکشت مواجه شدند. بررسی نتایج نشان داد در شهرستان تربت­حیدریه این کاهش سطح­زیرکشت تحت تأثیر تقسیم­بندی­های جدید این شهرستان و تفکیک بخش­های رشتخوار و زاوه از این شهرستان نیز بوده است. در طی 34 سال گذشته در شهرستان­های تربت حیدریه، گناباد و کاشمر عملکرد زعفران کاهش چشمگیری داشت. شهرستان گناباد که بیشترین میانگین عملکرد را در طی 34 سال گذشته داشت، بیشترین شیب کاهش عملکرد (سالانه 09/0 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را نیز نشان داد. میزان ثبات عملکرد بوم نظام­های کشت زعفران در شهرستان­های مورد بررسی از وضعیت مطلوبی برخوردار نبود. در مجموع شهرستان­های مختلف بررسی شده میزان باقی مانده نسبی عملکرد بین 01/0 تا 1/159 درصد متغیر بودکه نشان دهنده­ی بی ثباتی بالادر بوم ­نظام­های کشت زعفران در استان خراسان رضوی بود. در تمام شهرستان­های مورد بررسی به جز گناباد، روند تغییر ضریب تغییرات عملکرد با کاهش روبه رو شد. میانگین سرعت کاهش ضریب تغییرات در این شهرستان­ها بسیار کم (005/0- درصد در سال) محاسبه شد به طوری­که به نظر می­رسد در این شهرستان­ها میزان افزایش ثبات عملکرد با سرعت بسیار ناچیز در حال انجام بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Long-term Trend and Yield Stability in Razavi Khorasan Provinces

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Sahabi 1
  • Fatemeh Moallem Banhangi 2
  • Ali Bagheri 3

1 Assistant Professor Department of Plant Production, University of Torbat Heydarieh, and Saffron Institute, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran

2 PhD Graduated of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

3 PhD Graduated of Weed Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Monitoring of yield indicators, such as evaluating the trend and yield stability, can open the way for future policies and decisions in order to maintain and improve the yield of important agricultural products in Iran's agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to investigate and establish the stability of saffron yield in selected cities of Khorasan-Razavi province during the years 1400-1401 was conducted at Torbat Heydarieh University. To achieve this objective, data regarding saffron cultivation area and yield from various cities in Khorasan-Razavi Province were gathered from available statistics published by the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Iran, over 34 years (1365-1399). Following data validation, five cities – namely Torbat Heydarieh, Neishabur, Kashmir, Gonabad, and Taibad – were chosen based on the availability of comprehensive statistics. Additional information was then collated through questionnaires and forms by liaising with the agricultural jihad and research centers in each city. Utilizing regression analysis, this research delved into the long-term trends of yield and cultivated area, exploring relative and absolute yield residuals and investigating coefficients of yield changes. The study unveiled that the cultivated saffron area expanded across all surveyed cities until 2007-2008. However, in the latter years of the study, specifically in cities with high average saffron yield, such as Gonabad and Torbat Heydarieh, a marked decline in cultivated area was observed. Over the past 34 years, a notable decline in saffron yield has been observed in Torbat Heydarieh, Gonabad, and Kashmar. Notably, Gonabad, which had the highest average yield over this period, experienced the most substantial decrease in yield, amounting to 0.09 kg per hectare per year. Unfortunately, the degree of yield stability in the saffron cultivation ecosystems of the studied cities was not favorable. In particular, the relative residual yield across different cities ranged from 0.01% to 159.1%, indicating significant instability in saffron cultivation ecosystems within Khorasan Razavi province. The coefficient of variation of yield trends exhibited a decline in all surveyed cities except. The average rate of change in these cities was computed to be very low at -0.005% per year, implying that the enhancement of yield stability in these regions was occurring at a notably sluggish pace.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CV
  • Relative residual
  • Stability
  • Yield
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